[vlc-devel] [PATCH 1/4] mmal: update the code from the one actually used in Raspbian

Steve Lhomme robux4 at ycbcr.xyz
Fri Jan 17 17:00:55 CET 2020


From: John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>

Tested with basic video playback on a RPI 3B+

This is the code from the Raspbian patch ported to the 4.0 architecture.

Signed-off-by: Steve Lhomme <robux4 at ycbcr.xyz>
---
 modules/hw/mmal/Makefile.am    |    7 +-
 modules/hw/mmal/codec.c        |  784 +++++++++--------
 modules/hw/mmal/deinterlace.c  |  803 +++++++++--------
 modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.c | 1023 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.h |  123 ++-
 modules/hw/mmal/subpic.c       |  229 +++++
 modules/hw/mmal/subpic.h       |   52 ++
 modules/hw/mmal/vout.c         | 1492 +++++++++++++++++++-------------
 8 files changed, 3148 insertions(+), 1365 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 modules/hw/mmal/subpic.c
 create mode 100644 modules/hw/mmal/subpic.h

diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/Makefile.am b/modules/hw/mmal/Makefile.am
index b921f38537d..f6bb51b3ff0 100644
--- a/modules/hw/mmal/Makefile.am
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/Makefile.am
@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@ mmaldir = $(pluginsdir)/mmal
 AM_CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_mmal)
 AM_LDFLAGS += -rpath '$(mmaldir)' $(LDFLAGS_mmal)
 
-libmmal_vout_plugin_la_SOURCES = vout.c mmal_picture.c mmal_picture.h
+libmmal_vout_plugin_la_SOURCES = vout.c subpic.c subpic.h mmal_picture.c mmal_picture.h
 libmmal_vout_plugin_la_CFLAGS = $(AM_CFLAGS)
+if ENABLE_QT
+libmmal_vout_plugin_la_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_QT
+endif
 libmmal_vout_plugin_la_LDFLAGS = $(AM_LDFLAGS) -lm
 libmmal_vout_plugin_la_LIBADD = $(LIBS_mmal)
 mmal_LTLIBRARIES = libmmal_vout_plugin.la
 
-libmmal_codec_plugin_la_SOURCES = codec.c
+libmmal_codec_plugin_la_SOURCES = codec.c mmal_picture.c mmal_picture.h
 libmmal_codec_plugin_la_CFLAGS = $(AM_CFLAGS)
 libmmal_codec_plugin_la_LDFLAGS = $(AM_LDFLAGS)
 libmmal_codec_plugin_la_LIBADD = $(LIBS_mmal)
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/codec.c b/modules/hw/mmal/codec.c
index d09f212090c..c4de2459433 100644
--- a/modules/hw/mmal/codec.c
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/codec.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  *
  * Authors: Dennis Hamester <dennis.hamester at gmail.com>
  *          Julian Scheel <julian at jusst.de>
+ *          John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -30,31 +31,46 @@
 #include <vlc_common.h>
 #include <vlc_plugin.h>
 #include <vlc_codec.h>
-#include <vlc_threads.h>
 
-#include <bcm_host.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/mmal.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_util.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_default_components.h>
 
 #include "mmal_picture.h"
 
+#include "subpic.h"
+
 /*
  * This seems to be a bit high, but reducing it causes instabilities
  */
 #define NUM_EXTRA_BUFFERS 5
+//#define NUM_EXTRA_BUFFERS 10
 #define NUM_DECODER_BUFFER_HEADERS 30
 
-#define MIN_NUM_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT 2
+#define CONVERTER_BUFFERS 4  // Buffers on the output of the converter
+
+#define MMAL_SLICE_HEIGHT 16
+#define MMAL_ALIGN_W      32
+#define MMAL_ALIGN_H      16
 
 #define MMAL_OPAQUE_NAME "mmal-opaque"
 #define MMAL_OPAQUE_TEXT N_("Decode frames directly into RPI VideoCore instead of host memory.")
 #define MMAL_OPAQUE_LONGTEXT N_("Decode frames directly into RPI VideoCore instead of host memory. This option must only be used with the MMAL video output plugin.")
 
+#define MMAL_RESIZE_NAME "mmal-resize"
+#define MMAL_RESIZE_TEXT N_("Use mmal resizer rather than hvs.")
+#define MMAL_RESIZE_LONGTEXT N_("Use mmal resizer rather than isp. This uses less gpu memory than the ISP but is slower.")
+
+#define MMAL_ISP_NAME "mmal-isp"
+#define MMAL_ISP_TEXT N_("Use mmal isp rather than hvs.")
+#define MMAL_ISP_LONGTEXT N_("Use mmal isp rather than hvs. This may be faster but has no blend.")
+
 static int OpenDecoder(vlc_object_t *);
 static void CloseDecoder(vlc_object_t *);
 
 vlc_module_begin()
+    set_category( CAT_INPUT )
+    set_subcategory( SUBCAT_INPUT_VCODEC )
     set_shortname(N_("MMAL decoder"))
     set_description(N_("MMAL-based decoder plugin for Raspberry Pi"))
     set_capability("video decoder", 90)
@@ -65,224 +81,238 @@ vlc_module_end()
 
 typedef struct
 {
-    bool opaque;
     MMAL_COMPONENT_T *component;
     MMAL_PORT_T *input;
     MMAL_POOL_T *input_pool;
     MMAL_PORT_T *output;
-    MMAL_POOL_T *output_pool; /* only used for non-opaque mode */
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t *ppr;
     MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *output_format;
-    vlc_sem_t sem;
 
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err_stream;
     bool b_top_field_first;
     bool b_progressive;
 
+    bool b_flushed;
+
+    vcsm_init_type_t vcsm_init_type;
+
+    // Lock to avoid pic update & allocate happenening simultainiously
+    // * We should be able to arrange life s.t. this isn't needed
+    //   but while we are confused apply belt & braces
+    vlc_mutex_t pic_lock;
+
     /* statistics */
-    int output_in_transit;
-    int input_in_transit;
     bool started;
 } decoder_sys_t;
 
-/* Utilities */
-static int change_output_format(decoder_t *dec);
-static int send_output_buffer(decoder_t *dec);
-static void fill_output_port(decoder_t *dec);
 
-/* VLC decoder callback */
-static int decode(decoder_t *dec, block_t *block);
-static void flush_decoder(decoder_t *dec);
+typedef struct supported_mmal_enc_s {
+    struct {
+       MMAL_PARAMETER_HEADER_T header;
+       MMAL_FOURCC_T encodings[64];
+    } supported;
+    int n;
+} supported_mmal_enc_t;
+
+#define SUPPORTED_MMAL_ENC_INIT \
+{ \
+    {{MMAL_PARAMETER_SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS, sizeof(((supported_mmal_enc_t *)0)->supported)}, {0}}, \
+    -1 \
+}
 
-/* MMAL callbacks */
-static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
-static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
-static void output_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
+static supported_mmal_enc_t supported_decode_in_enc = SUPPORTED_MMAL_ENC_INIT;
 
-static int OpenDecoder(vlc_object_t *obj)
+static bool is_enc_supported(supported_mmal_enc_t * const support, const MMAL_FOURCC_T fcc)
 {
-    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t *)obj;
-    int ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
-    decoder_sys_t *sys;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+    int i;
 
-    if (dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_CODEC_MPGV &&
-            dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_CODEC_H264)
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    if (fcc == 0)
+        return false;
+    if (support->n == -1)
+        return true;  // Unknown - say OK
+    for (i = 0; i < support->n; ++i) {
+        if (support->supported.encodings[i] == fcc)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
 
-    sys = calloc(1, sizeof(decoder_sys_t));
-    if (unlikely(sys == NULL))
-        return VLC_ENOMEM;
-    dec->p_sys = sys;
+static bool set_and_test_enc_supported(supported_mmal_enc_t * const support, MMAL_PORT_T * port, const MMAL_FOURCC_T fcc)
+{
+    if (support->n >= 0)
+        /* already done */;
+    else if (mmal_port_parameter_get(port, (MMAL_PARAMETER_HEADER_T *)&support->supported) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        support->n = 0;
+    else
+        support->n = (support->supported.header.size - sizeof(support->supported.header)) /
+          sizeof(support->supported.encodings[0]);
 
-    sys->opaque = var_InheritBool(dec, MMAL_OPAQUE_NAME);
-    bcm_host_init();
+    return is_enc_supported(support, fcc);
+}
 
-    status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_DECODER, &sys->component);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to create MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_DECODER, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+static MMAL_FOURCC_T vlc_to_mmal_es_fourcc(const unsigned int fcc)
+{
+    switch (fcc){
+    case VLC_CODEC_MJPG:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_MJPEG;
+    case VLC_CODEC_MP1V:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_MP1V;
+    case VLC_CODEC_MPGV:
+    case VLC_CODEC_MP2V:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_MP2V;
+    case VLC_CODEC_H263:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_H263;
+    case VLC_CODEC_MP4V:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_MP4V;
+    case VLC_CODEC_H264:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_H264;
+    case VLC_CODEC_VP6:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_VP6;
+    case VLC_CODEC_VP8:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_VP8;
+    case VLC_CODEC_WMV1:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_WMV1;
+    case VLC_CODEC_WMV2:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_WMV2;
+    case VLC_CODEC_WMV3:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_WMV3;
+    case VLC_CODEC_VC1:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_WVC1;
+    case VLC_CODEC_THEORA:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_THEORA;
+    default:
+        break;
     }
+    return 0;
+}
 
-    sys->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)dec;
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->component->control, control_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable control port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->component->control->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
+// Buffer either attached to pic or released
+static picture_t * alloc_opaque_pic(decoder_t * const dec, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf)
+{
+    decoder_sys_t *const dec_sys = dec->p_sys;
 
-    sys->input = sys->component->input[0];
-    sys->input->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)dec;
-    if (dec->fmt_in.i_codec == VLC_CODEC_MPGV)
-        sys->input->format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_MP2V;
-    else
-        sys->input->format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_H264;
-
-    if (dec->fmt_in.i_codec == VLC_CODEC_H264) {
-        if (dec->fmt_in.i_extra > 0) {
-            status = mmal_format_extradata_alloc(sys->input->format,
-                    dec->fmt_in.i_extra);
-            if (status == MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-                memcpy(sys->input->format->extradata, dec->fmt_in.p_extra,
-                        dec->fmt_in.i_extra);
-                sys->input->format->extradata_size = dec->fmt_in.i_extra;
-            } else {
-                msg_Err(dec, "Failed to allocate extra format data on input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    vlc_mutex_lock(&dec_sys->pic_lock);
+    picture_t * const pic = decoder_NewPicture(dec);
+    vlc_mutex_unlock(&dec_sys->pic_lock);
 
-    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
-    sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
-    sys->input->buffer_num = sys->input->buffer_num_recommended;
+    if (pic == NULL)
+        goto fail1;
 
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, input_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    if (buf->length == 0) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Empty buffer");
+        goto fail2;
     }
 
-    sys->output = sys->component->output[0];
-    sys->output->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)dec;
-
-    if (sys->opaque) {
-        MMAL_PARAMETER_UINT32_T extra_buffers = {
-            { MMAL_PARAMETER_EXTRA_BUFFERS, sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_UINT32_T) },
-            NUM_EXTRA_BUFFERS
-        };
-        status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->output, &extra_buffers.hdr);
-        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-            msg_Err(dec, "Failed to set MMAL_PARAMETER_EXTRA_BUFFERS on output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                    status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-            ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-            goto out;
-        }
+    if ((pic->context = hw_mmal_gen_context(buf, dec_sys->ppr)) == NULL)
+        goto fail2;
 
-        msg_Dbg(dec, "Activate zero-copy for output port");
-        MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T zero_copy = {
-            { MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T) },
-            1
-        };
+    buf_to_pic_copy_props(pic, buf);
 
-        status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->output, &zero_copy.hdr);
-        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-           msg_Err(dec, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                    sys->output->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-           goto out;
-        }
-    }
+    return pic;
 
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->output, output_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable output port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->output->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    status = mmal_component_enable(sys->component);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->component->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
+fail2:
+    picture_Release(pic);
+fail1:
+    // Recycle rather than release to avoid buffer starvation if NewPic fails
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_recycle(dec_sys->ppr, buf);
+    return NULL;
+}
 
-    sys->input_pool = mmal_pool_create(sys->input->buffer_num, 0);
+static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+{
+    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t *)port->userdata;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
-    if (sys->opaque) {
-        dec->fmt_out.i_codec = VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
-        dec->fmt_out.video.i_chroma = VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
-    } else {
-        dec->fmt_out.i_codec = VLC_CODEC_I420;
-        dec->fmt_out.video.i_chroma = VLC_CODEC_I420;
+    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
+        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
+        decoder_sys_t * const sys = dec->p_sys;
+        sys->err_stream = status;
+        msg_Err(dec, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status,
+                mmal_status_to_string(status));
     }
 
-    dec->pf_decode = decode;
-    dec->pf_flush  = flush_decoder;
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+}
+
+static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+{
+    block_t * const block = (block_t *)buffer->user_data;
 
-    vlc_sem_init(&sys->sem, 0);
+    (void)port;  // Unused
 
-out:
-    if (ret != VLC_SUCCESS)
-        CloseDecoder(obj);
+    mmal_buffer_header_reset(buffer);
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
 
-    return ret;
+    if (block != NULL)
+        block_Release(block);
 }
 
-static void CloseDecoder(vlc_object_t *obj)
+static void decoder_output_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
 {
-    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t *)obj;
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
+    decoder_t * const dec = (decoder_t *)port->userdata;
 
-    if (!sys)
+    if (buffer->cmd == 0 && buffer->length != 0)
+    {
+        picture_t *pic = alloc_opaque_pic(dec, buffer);
+        if (pic == NULL)
+            msg_Err(dec, "Failed to allocate new picture");
+        else
+            decoder_QueueVideo(dec, pic);
+        // Buffer released or attached to pic - do not release again
         return;
+    }
 
-    if (sys->component && sys->component->control->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->component->control);
+    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_FORMAT_CHANGED)
+    {
+        decoder_sys_t * const sys = dec->p_sys;
+        MMAL_EVENT_FORMAT_CHANGED_T * const fmt = mmal_event_format_changed_get(buffer);
+        MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T * const format = mmal_format_alloc();
 
-    if (sys->input && sys->input->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+        if (format == NULL)
+            msg_Err(dec, "Failed to allocate new format");
+        else
+        {
+            mmal_format_full_copy(format, fmt->format);
+            format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
 
-    if (sys->output && sys->output->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
+            if (sys->output_format != NULL)
+                mmal_format_free(sys->output_format);
 
-    if (sys->component && sys->component->is_enabled)
-        mmal_component_disable(sys->component);
+            sys->output_format = format;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (buffer->cmd != 0) {
+        msg_Warn(dec, "Unexpected output cb event: %4.4s", (const char*)&buffer->cmd);
+    }
 
-    if (sys->input_pool)
-        mmal_pool_destroy(sys->input_pool);
+    // If we get here then we were flushing (cmd == 0 && len == 0) or
+    // that was an EVENT - in either case we want to release the buffer
+    // back to its pool rather than recycle it.
+    mmal_buffer_header_reset(buffer);
+    buffer->user_data = NULL;
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+}
 
-    if (sys->output_format)
-        mmal_format_free(sys->output_format);
 
-    if (sys->output_pool)
-        mmal_pool_destroy(sys->output_pool);
 
-    if (sys->component)
-        mmal_component_release(sys->component);
+static void fill_output_port(decoder_t *dec)
+{
+    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
 
-    vlc_sem_destroy(&sys->sem);
-    free(sys);
+    if (decoder_UpdateVideoFormat(dec) != 0)
+    {
+        // If we have a new format don't bother stuffing the buffer
+        // We should get a reset RSN
+        return;
+    }
 
-    bcm_host_deinit();
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_fill(sys->ppr);
 }
 
 static int change_output_format(decoder_t *dec)
 {
     MMAL_PARAMETER_VIDEO_INTERLACE_TYPE_T interlace_type;
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
+    decoder_sys_t * const sys = dec->p_sys;
     MMAL_STATUS_T status;
     int ret = 0;
 
@@ -297,7 +327,6 @@ static int change_output_format(decoder_t *dec)
         ret = -1;
     }
 
-    msg_Dbg(dec, "%s: Do full port reset", __func__);
     status = mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
     if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
         msg_Err(dec, "Failed to disable output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
@@ -313,16 +342,10 @@ static int change_output_format(decoder_t *dec)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (sys->opaque) {
-        sys->output->buffer_num = NUM_DECODER_BUFFER_HEADERS;
-    } else {
-        sys->output->buffer_num = __MAX(sys->output->buffer_num_recommended,
-                MIN_NUM_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT);
-    }
-
+    sys->output->buffer_num = NUM_DECODER_BUFFER_HEADERS;
     sys->output->buffer_size = sys->output->buffer_size_recommended;
 
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->output, output_port_cb);
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->output, decoder_output_cb);
     if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
         msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
                 status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
@@ -330,25 +353,11 @@ static int change_output_format(decoder_t *dec)
     }
 
     if (!sys->started) {
-        if (!sys->opaque) {
-            sys->output_pool = mmal_port_pool_create(sys->output, sys->output->buffer_num, 0);
-            msg_Dbg(dec, "Created output pool with %d pictures", sys->output_pool->headers_num);
-        }
-
         sys->started = true;
 
         /* we need one picture from vout for each buffer header on the output
          * port */
-        dec->i_extra_picture_buffers = sys->output->buffer_num;
-
-        /* remove what VLC core reserves as it is part of the pool size
-         * already */
-        if (dec->fmt_in.i_codec == VLC_CODEC_H264)
-            dec->i_extra_picture_buffers -= 19;
-        else
-            dec->i_extra_picture_buffers -= 3;
-
-        msg_Dbg(dec, "Request %d extra pictures", dec->i_extra_picture_buffers);
+        dec->i_extra_picture_buffers = 10;
     }
 
 apply_fmt:
@@ -374,151 +383,84 @@ apply_fmt:
         sys->b_progressive = (interlace_type.eMode == MMAL_InterlaceProgressive);
         sys->b_top_field_first = sys->b_progressive ? true :
             (interlace_type.eMode == MMAL_InterlaceFieldsInterleavedUpperFirst);
-        msg_Dbg(dec, "Detected %s%s video (%d)",
-                sys->b_progressive ? "progressive" : "interlaced",
-                sys->b_progressive ? "" : (sys->b_top_field_first ? " tff" : " bff"),
-                interlace_type.eMode);
     }
 
+    // Tell the rest of the world we have changed format
+    vlc_mutex_lock(&sys->pic_lock);
+    ret = decoder_UpdateVideoFormat(dec);
+    vlc_mutex_unlock(&sys->pic_lock);
+
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int send_output_buffer(decoder_t *dec)
+static MMAL_STATUS_T
+set_extradata_and_commit(decoder_t * const dec, decoder_sys_t * const sys)
 {
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
-    picture_sys_t *p_sys;
-    picture_t *picture = NULL;
     MMAL_STATUS_T status;
-    int ret = 0;
-
-    if (!sys->output->is_enabled)
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
-
-    /* If local output pool is allocated, use it - this is only the case for
-     * non-opaque modes */
-    if (sys->output_pool) {
-        buffer = mmal_queue_get(sys->output_pool->queue);
-        if (!buffer) {
-            msg_Warn(dec, "Failed to get new buffer");
-            return VLC_EGENERIC;
-        }
-    }
 
-    if (!decoder_UpdateVideoFormat(dec))
-        picture = decoder_NewPicture(dec);
-    if (!picture) {
-        msg_Warn(dec, "Failed to get new picture");
-        ret = -1;
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    p_sys = picture->p_sys;
-    if (sys->output_pool) {
-        unsigned buffer_size = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < picture->i_planes; i++)
-            buffer_size += picture->p[i].i_lines * picture->p[i].i_pitch;
-        if (buffer_size < sys->output->buffer_size) {
-            msg_Err(dec, "Retrieved picture with too small data block (%d < %d)",
-                    buffer_size, sys->output->buffer_size);
-            ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-            goto err;
-        }
-
-        mmal_buffer_header_reset(buffer);
-        buffer->alloc_size = sys->output->buffer_size;
-
-        if (!sys->opaque)
-            buffer->data = picture->p[0].p_pixels;
-    } else {
-        buffer = p_sys->buffer;
-        if (!buffer) {
-            msg_Warn(dec, "Picture has no buffer attached");
-            picture_Release(picture);
-            return VLC_EGENERIC;
-        }
-        buffer->data = p_sys->buffer->data;
-    }
-    buffer->user_data = picture;
-    buffer->cmd = 0;
-
-    status = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->output, buffer);
+    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input);
     if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to send buffer to output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = -1;
-        goto err;
-    }
-    atomic_fetch_add(&sys->output_in_transit, 1);
-
-    return ret;
-
-err:
-    if (picture)
-        picture_Release(picture);
-    if (sys->output_pool && buffer) {
-        buffer->data = NULL;
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
     }
-    return ret;
+    return status;
 }
 
-static void fill_output_port(decoder_t *dec)
+static MMAL_STATUS_T decoder_send_extradata(decoder_t * const dec, decoder_sys_t *const sys)
 {
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
-
-    unsigned max_buffers_in_transit = 0;
-    int buffers_available = 0;
-    int buffers_to_send = 0;
-    int i;
-
-    if (sys->output_pool) {
-        max_buffers_in_transit = __MAX(sys->output_pool->headers_num,
-                MIN_NUM_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT);
-        buffers_available = mmal_queue_length(sys->output_pool->queue);
-    } else {
-        max_buffers_in_transit = NUM_DECODER_BUFFER_HEADERS;
-        buffers_available = NUM_DECODER_BUFFER_HEADERS - atomic_load(&sys->output_in_transit);
+    if (dec->fmt_in.i_codec == VLC_CODEC_H264 &&
+        dec->fmt_in.i_extra > 0)
+    {
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf = mmal_queue_wait(sys->input_pool->queue);
+        MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+
+        mmal_buffer_header_reset(buf);
+        buf->cmd = 0;
+        buf->user_data = NULL;
+        buf->alloc_size = sys->input->buffer_size;
+        buf->length = dec->fmt_in.i_extra;
+        buf->data = dec->fmt_in.p_extra;
+        buf->flags = MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_CONFIG;
+
+        status = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, buf);
+        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+            msg_Err(dec, "Failed to send extradata buffer to input port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                    status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+            return status;
+        }
     }
-    buffers_to_send = max_buffers_in_transit - atomic_load(&sys->output_in_transit);
-
-    if (buffers_to_send > buffers_available)
-        buffers_to_send = buffers_available;
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    msg_Dbg(dec, "Send %d buffers to output port (available: %d, "
-                    "in_transit: %d, buffer_num: %d)",
-                    buffers_to_send, buffers_available,
-                    atomic_load(&sys->output_in_transit),
-                    sys->output->buffer_num);
-#endif
-    for (i = 0; i < buffers_to_send; ++i)
-        if (send_output_buffer(dec) < 0)
-            break;
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static void flush_decoder(decoder_t *dec)
 {
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
+    decoder_sys_t *const sys = dec->p_sys;
 
-    msg_Dbg(dec, "Flushing decoder ports...");
-    mmal_port_flush(sys->output);
-    mmal_port_flush(sys->input);
-
-    while (atomic_load(&sys->output_in_transit) ||
-           atomic_load(&sys->input_in_transit))
-        vlc_sem_wait(&sys->sem);
+    if (!sys->b_flushed) {
+        mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+        mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
+        // We can leave the input disabled, but we want the output enabled
+        // in order to sink any buffers returning from other modules
+        mmal_port_enable(sys->output, decoder_output_cb);
+        sys->b_flushed = true;
+    }
 }
 
 static int decode(decoder_t *dec, block_t *block)
 {
     decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
     MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
-    bool need_flush = false;
     uint32_t len;
     uint32_t flags = 0;
     MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
+    if (sys->err_stream != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "MMAL error reported by ctrl");
+        flush_decoder(dec);
+        return VLCDEC_ECRITICAL;  /// I think they are all fatal
+    }
+
     /*
      * Configure output port if necessary
      */
@@ -529,18 +471,47 @@ static int decode(decoder_t *dec, block_t *block)
         sys->output_format = NULL;
     }
 
-    if (!block)
-        goto out;
+    if (block == NULL)
+        return VLCDEC_SUCCESS;
 
     /*
      * Check whether full flush is required
      */
-    if (block && block->i_flags & BLOCK_FLAG_DISCONTINUITY) {
+    if (block->i_flags & BLOCK_FLAG_DISCONTINUITY) {
         flush_decoder(dec);
+    }
+
+    if (block->i_buffer == 0)
+    {
         block_Release(block);
         return VLCDEC_SUCCESS;
     }
 
+    // Reenable stuff if the last thing we did was flush
+    if (!sys->output->is_enabled &&
+        (status = mmal_port_enable(sys->output, decoder_output_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Output port enable failed");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (!sys->input->is_enabled)
+    {
+        if ((status = set_extradata_and_commit(dec, sys)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            goto fail;
+
+        if ((status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, input_port_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(dec, "Input port enable failed");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if ((status = decoder_send_extradata(dec, sys)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+    // *** We cannot get a picture to put the result in 'till we have
+    // reported the size & the output stages have been set up
     if (sys->started)
         fill_output_port(dec);
 
@@ -551,18 +522,21 @@ static int decode(decoder_t *dec, block_t *block)
     if (block->i_flags & BLOCK_FLAG_CORRUPTED)
         flags |= MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_CORRUPTED;
 
-    while (block && block->i_buffer > 0) {
-        buffer = mmal_queue_timedwait(sys->input_pool->queue, 100);
+    while (block != NULL)
+    {
+        buffer = mmal_queue_wait(sys->input_pool->queue);
         if (!buffer) {
             msg_Err(dec, "Failed to retrieve buffer header for input data");
-            need_flush = true;
-            break;
+            goto fail;
         }
+
         mmal_buffer_header_reset(buffer);
         buffer->cmd = 0;
-        buffer->pts = block->i_pts != 0 ? block->i_pts : block->i_dts;
+        buffer->pts = block->i_pts != VLC_TICK_INVALID ? block->i_pts :
+            block->i_dts != VLC_TICK_INVALID ? block->i_dts : MMAL_TIME_UNKNOWN;
         buffer->dts = block->i_dts;
         buffer->alloc_size = sys->input->buffer_size;
+        buffer->user_data = NULL;
 
         len = block->i_buffer;
         if (len > buffer->alloc_size)
@@ -582,87 +556,151 @@ static int decode(decoder_t *dec, block_t *block)
         if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
             msg_Err(dec, "Failed to send buffer to input port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
                     status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-            break;
+            goto fail;
         }
-        atomic_fetch_add(&sys->input_in_transit, 1);
+
+        // Reset flushed flag once we have sent a buf
+        sys->b_flushed = false;
     }
+    return VLCDEC_SUCCESS;
 
-out:
-    if (need_flush)
-        flush_decoder(dec);
+fail:
+    flush_decoder(dec);
+    return VLCDEC_ECRITICAL;
 
-    return VLCDEC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+static void CloseDecoder(vlc_object_t *p_this)
 {
-    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t *)port->userdata;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t*)p_this;
+    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
 
-    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
-        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
-        msg_Err(dec, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status,
-                mmal_status_to_string(status));
+    if (!sys)
+        return;
+
+    if (sys->component != NULL) {
+        if (sys->input->is_enabled)
+            mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+
+        if (sys->output->is_enabled)
+            mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
+
+        if (sys->component->control->is_enabled)
+            mmal_port_disable(sys->component->control);
+
+        if (sys->component->is_enabled)
+            mmal_component_disable(sys->component);
+
+        mmal_component_release(sys->component);
     }
 
-    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-}
+    if (sys->input_pool != NULL)
+        mmal_pool_destroy(sys->input_pool);
 
-static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
-{
-    block_t *block = (block_t *)buffer->user_data;
-    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t *)port->userdata;
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
-    buffer->user_data = NULL;
+    if (sys->output_format != NULL)
+        mmal_format_free(sys->output_format);
 
-    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-    if (block)
-        block_Release(block);
-    atomic_fetch_sub(&sys->input_in_transit, 1);
-    vlc_sem_post(&sys->sem);
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_release(sys->ppr, false);
+
+    cma_vcsm_exit(sys->vcsm_init_type);
+
+    vlc_mutex_destroy(&sys->pic_lock);
+    free(sys);
 }
 
-static void output_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+static int OpenDecoder(vlc_object_t *p_this)
 {
-    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t *)port->userdata;
-    decoder_sys_t *sys = dec->p_sys;
-    picture_t *picture;
-    MMAL_EVENT_FORMAT_CHANGED_T *fmt;
-    MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *format;
-
-    if (buffer->cmd == 0) {
-        picture = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-        if (buffer->length > 0) {
-            picture->date = buffer->pts;
-            picture->b_progressive = sys->b_progressive;
-            picture->b_top_field_first = sys->b_top_field_first;
-            decoder_QueueVideo(dec, picture);
-        } else {
-            picture_Release(picture);
-            if (sys->output_pool) {
-                buffer->user_data = NULL;
-                buffer->alloc_size = 0;
-                buffer->data = NULL;
-                mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-            }
-        }
-        atomic_fetch_sub(&sys->output_in_transit, 1);
-        vlc_sem_post(&sys->sem);
-    } else if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_FORMAT_CHANGED) {
-        fmt = mmal_event_format_changed_get(buffer);
+    decoder_t *dec = (decoder_t*)p_this;
+    int ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
+    decoder_sys_t *sys;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+    const MMAL_FOURCC_T in_fcc = vlc_to_mmal_es_fourcc(dec->fmt_in.i_codec);
 
-        format = mmal_format_alloc();
-        mmal_format_full_copy(format, fmt->format);
+    if (!is_enc_supported(&supported_decode_in_enc, in_fcc))
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
 
-        if (sys->opaque)
-            format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
+    sys = calloc(1, sizeof(decoder_sys_t));
+    if (unlikely(sys == NULL))
+        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+    dec->p_sys = sys;
+    vlc_mutex_init(&sys->pic_lock);
 
-        if (sys->output_format)
-            mmal_format_free(sys->output_format);
-        sys->output_format = format;
+    if ((sys->vcsm_init_type = cma_vcsm_init()) == VCSM_INIT_NONE) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "VCSM init failed");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    msg_Info(dec, "VCSM init succeeded: %s", cma_vcsm_init_str(sys->vcsm_init_type));
 
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-    } else {
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+    sys->err_stream = MMAL_SUCCESS;
+
+    status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_DECODER, &sys->component);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to create MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_DECODER, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
     }
+
+    sys->input = sys->component->input[0];
+    sys->output = sys->component->output[0];
+
+    sys->input->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)dec;
+    sys->input->format->encoding = in_fcc;
+
+    if (!set_and_test_enc_supported(&supported_decode_in_enc, sys->input, in_fcc)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    sys->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)dec;
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->component->control, control_port_cb);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable control port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->component->control->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if ((status = set_extradata_and_commit(dec, sys)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        goto fail;
+
+    sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
+    sys->input->buffer_num = sys->input->buffer_num_recommended;
+
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, input_port_cb);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if ((status = hw_mmal_opaque_output(VLC_OBJECT(dec), &sys->ppr,
+                                        sys->output, NUM_EXTRA_BUFFERS, decoder_output_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        goto fail;
+
+    status = mmal_component_enable(sys->component);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to enable component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->component->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if ((sys->input_pool = mmal_pool_create(sys->input->buffer_num, 0)) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(dec, "Failed to create input pool");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    sys->b_flushed = true;
+    dec->fmt_out.i_codec = VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
+    dec->fmt_out.video.i_chroma = VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
+
+    if ((status = decoder_send_extradata(dec, sys)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        goto fail;
+
+    dec->pf_decode = decode;
+    dec->pf_flush  = flush_decoder;
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    CloseDecoder(p_this);
+    return ret;
 }
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/deinterlace.c b/modules/hw/mmal/deinterlace.c
index 66afd2bf7fd..cf61b670421 100644
--- a/modules/hw/mmal/deinterlace.c
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/deinterlace.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  *
  * Authors: Julian Scheel <julian at jusst.de>
  *          Dennis Hamester <dennis.hamester at gmail.com>
+ *          John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -25,25 +26,39 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <stdatomic.h>
-
 #include <vlc_common.h>
-#include <vlc_picture_pool.h>
 #include <vlc_plugin.h>
 #include <vlc_filter.h>
 
 #include "mmal_picture.h"
 
-#include <bcm_host.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/mmal.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_util.h>
-#include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_default_components.h>
 
-#define MIN_NUM_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT 2
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU "mmal-deinterlace-no-qpu"
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU_TEXT N_("Do not use QPUs for advanced HD deinterlacing.")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU_LONGTEXT N_("Do not make use of the QPUs to allow higher quality deinterlacing of HD content.")
+
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV "mmal-deinterlace-adv"
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV_TEXT N_("Force advanced deinterlace")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV_LONGTEXT N_("Force advanced deinterlace")
+
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST "mmal-deinterlace-fast"
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST_TEXT N_("Force fast deinterlace")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST_LONGTEXT N_("Force fast deinterlace")
+
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE "mmal-deinterlace-none"
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE_TEXT N_("Force no deinterlace")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE_LONGTEXT N_("Force no interlace. Simply strips off the interlace markers and passes the frame straight through. "\
+    "This is the default for > SD if < 96M gpu-mem")
 
-#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU "mmal-deinterlace-adv-qpu"
-#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU_TEXT N_("Use QPUs for advanced HD deinterlacing.")
-#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU_LONGTEXT N_("Make use of the QPUs to allow higher quality deinterlacing of HD content.")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE "mmal-deinterlace-half-rate"
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE_TEXT N_("Halve output framerate")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE_LONGTEXT N_("Halve output framerate. 1 output frame for each pair of interlaced fields input")
+
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE "mmal-deinterlace-full-rate"
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE_TEXT N_("Full output framerate")
+#define MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE_LONGTEXT N_("Full output framerate. 1 output frame for each interlaced field input")
 
 static int OpenMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *);
 static void CloseMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *);
@@ -51,13 +66,24 @@ static void CloseMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *);
 vlc_module_begin()
     set_shortname(N_("MMAL deinterlace"))
     set_description(N_("MMAL-based deinterlace filter plugin"))
-    set_capability("video filter", 0)
+    set_capability("video filter", 900)
     set_category(CAT_VIDEO)
     set_subcategory(SUBCAT_VIDEO_VFILTER)
     set_callbacks(OpenMmalDeinterlace, CloseMmalDeinterlace)
     add_shortcut("deinterlace")
-    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU_TEXT,
-                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU_LONGTEXT, true);
+    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU_LONGTEXT, true);
+    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV_LONGTEXT, true);
+    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST_LONGTEXT, true);
+    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE_LONGTEXT, true);
+    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE_LONGTEXT, true);
+    add_bool(MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE, false, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE_LONGTEXT, true);
+
 vlc_module_end()
 
 typedef struct
@@ -65,439 +91,518 @@ typedef struct
     MMAL_COMPONENT_T *component;
     MMAL_PORT_T *input;
     MMAL_PORT_T *output;
+    MMAL_POOL_T *in_pool;
+
+    MMAL_QUEUE_T * out_q;
 
-    MMAL_QUEUE_T *filtered_pictures;
-    vlc_sem_t sem;
+    MMAL_POOL_T * out_pool;
 
-    atomic_bool started;
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t *out_ppr;
+
+    bool half_rate;
+    bool use_qpu;
+    bool use_fast;
+    bool use_passthrough;
+    unsigned int seq_in;    // Seq of next frame to submit (1-15) [Init=1]
+    unsigned int seq_out;   // Seq of last frame received  (1-15) [Init=15]
+
+    vcsm_init_type_t vcsm_init_type;
 
-    /* statistics */
-    int output_in_transit;
-    int input_in_transit;
 } filter_sys_t;
 
-static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
-static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
-static void output_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
-static picture_t *deinterlace(filter_t *filter, picture_t *picture);
-static void flush(filter_t *filter);
 
 #define MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE "vc.ril.image_fx"
 
-static int OpenMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *obj)
+
+
+// Buffer attached to pic on success, is still valid on failure
+static picture_t * di_alloc_opaque(filter_t * const p_filter, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf)
 {
-    filter_t *filter = (filter_t *)obj;
-    if (filter->fmt_in.video.i_chroma != VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE)
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    filter_sys_t *const filter_sys = p_filter->p_sys;
+    picture_t * const pic = filter_NewPicture(p_filter);
 
-    if (filter->fmt_out.video.i_chroma != VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE)
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    if (pic == NULL)
+        goto fail1;
 
-    int32_t frame_duration = filter->fmt_in.video.i_frame_rate != 0 ?
-            vlc_tick_from_samples( filter->fmt_in.video.i_frame_rate_base,
-            filter->fmt_in.video.i_frame_rate ) : 0;
-    bool use_qpu = var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_QPU);
+    if (buf->length == 0) {
+        msg_Err(p_filter, "Empty buffer");
+        goto fail2;
+    }
 
-    MMAL_PARAMETER_IMAGEFX_PARAMETERS_T imfx_param = {
-            { MMAL_PARAMETER_IMAGE_EFFECT_PARAMETERS, sizeof(imfx_param) },
-            MMAL_PARAM_IMAGEFX_DEINTERLACE_ADV,
-            4,
-            { 3, frame_duration, 0, use_qpu }
-    };
+    if ((pic->context = hw_mmal_gen_context(buf, filter_sys->out_ppr)) == NULL)
+        goto fail2;
 
-    int ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
-    filter_sys_t *sys;
+    buf_to_pic_copy_props(pic, buf);
 
-    msg_Dbg(filter, "Try to open mmal_deinterlace filter. frame_duration: %d, QPU %s!",
-            frame_duration, use_qpu ? "used" : "unused");
+    return pic;
 
-    sys = calloc(1, sizeof(filter_sys_t));
-    if (!sys)
-        return VLC_ENOMEM;
-    filter->p_sys = sys;
+fail2:
+    picture_Release(pic);
+fail1:
+//    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+    return NULL;
+}
 
-    bcm_host_init();
+static void di_input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+{
+    VLC_UNUSED(port);
 
-    status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE, &sys->component);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to create MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+}
 
-    status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->component->output[0], &imfx_param.hdr);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to configure MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+static void di_output_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buf)
+{
+    if (buf->cmd == 0 && buf->length != 0)
+    {
+        // The filter structure etc. should always exist if we have contents
+        // but might not on later flushes as we shut down
+        filter_t * const p_filter = (filter_t *)port->userdata;
+        filter_sys_t * const sys = p_filter->p_sys;
+
+        mmal_queue_put(sys->out_q, buf);
+        return;
     }
 
-    sys->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)filter;
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->component->control, control_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable control port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->component->control->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
+    mmal_buffer_header_reset(buf);   // User data stays intact so release will kill pic
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+}
 
-    sys->input = sys->component->input[0];
-    sys->input->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)filter;
-    sys->input->format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.width = filter->fmt_in.video.i_width;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.height = filter->fmt_in.video.i_height;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.x = 0;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.y = 0;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.width = filter->fmt_in.video.i_width;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.height = filter->fmt_in.video.i_height;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.par.num = filter->fmt_in.video.i_sar_num;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.par.den = filter->fmt_in.video.i_sar_den;
 
-    es_format_Copy(&filter->fmt_out, &filter->fmt_in);
-    filter->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate *= 2;
 
-    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+static MMAL_STATUS_T fill_output_from_q(filter_t * const p_filter, filter_sys_t * const sys, MMAL_QUEUE_T * const q)
+{
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * out_buf;
+
+    while ((out_buf = mmal_queue_get(q)) != NULL)
+    {
+        MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+        if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->output, out_buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(p_filter, "Send buffer to output failed");
+            mmal_queue_put_back(q, out_buf);
+            return err;
+        }
     }
-    sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
-    sys->input->buffer_num = sys->input->buffer_num_recommended;
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Output buffers may contain a pic ref on error or flush
+// Free it
+static unsigned int seq_inc(unsigned int x)
+{
+    return x + 1 >= 16 ? 1 : x + 1;
+}
 
-    MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T zero_copy = {
-        { MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T) },
-        1
-    };
+static unsigned int seq_delta(unsigned int sseq, unsigned int fseq)
+{
+    return fseq == 0 ? 0 : fseq <= sseq ? sseq - fseq : 15 - (fseq - sseq);
+}
 
-    status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->input, &zero_copy.hdr);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        goto out;
+static picture_t *deinterlace(filter_t * p_filter, picture_t * p_pic)
+{
+    filter_sys_t * const sys = p_filter->p_sys;
+    picture_t *ret_pics = NULL;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * out_buf = NULL;
+
+    if (hw_mmal_vlc_pic_to_mmal_fmt_update(sys->input->format, p_pic))
+    {
+        // ****** Breaks on opaque (at least)
+
+        if (sys->input->is_enabled)
+            mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+
+        if (mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            msg_Err(p_filter, "Failed to update pic format");
+        sys->input->buffer_num = 30;
+        sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
+        mmal_log_dump_format(sys->input->format);
     }
 
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, input_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    // Reenable stuff if the last thing we did was flush
+    // Output should always be enabled
+    if (!sys->input->is_enabled &&
+        (err = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, di_input_port_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        msg_Err(p_filter, "Input port reenable failed");
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    sys->output = sys->component->output[0];
-    sys->output->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)filter;
-    mmal_format_full_copy(sys->output->format, sys->input->format);
-
-    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->output);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to commit format for output port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    {
+        // Fill output from anything that has turned up in pool Q
+        if (hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_fill(sys->out_ppr) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(p_filter, "Out port fill fail");
+            goto fail;
+        }
     }
 
-    sys->output->buffer_num = 3;
+    // Stuff into input
+    // We assume the BH is already set up with values reflecting pic date etc.
+    {
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const pic_buf = hw_mmal_pic_buf_replicated(p_pic, sys->in_pool);
 
-    MMAL_PARAMETER_UINT32_T extra_buffers = {
-        { MMAL_PARAMETER_EXTRA_BUFFERS, sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_UINT32_T) },
-        5
-    };
-    status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->output, &extra_buffers.hdr);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to set MMAL_PARAMETER_EXTRA_BUFFERS on output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        goto out;
-    }
+        if (pic_buf == NULL)
+        {
+            msg_Err(p_filter, "Pic has not attached buffer");
+            goto fail;
+        }
 
-    zero_copy = (MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T) {
-        { MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T) },
-        1
-    };
+        picture_Release(p_pic);
 
-    status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->output, &zero_copy.hdr);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->output->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        goto out;
+        // Add a sequence to the flags so we can track what we have actually
+        // deinterlaced
+        pic_buf->flags = (pic_buf->flags & ~(0xfU * MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_USER0)) | (sys->seq_in * (MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_USER0));
+        sys->seq_in = seq_inc(sys->seq_in);
+
+        if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, pic_buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(p_filter, "Send buffer to input failed");
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(pic_buf);
+            goto fail;
+        }
     }
 
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->output, output_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable output port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->output->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    // Return anything that is in the out Q
+    {
+        picture_t ** pp_pic = &ret_pics;
+
+        // Advanced di has a 3 frame latency, so if the seq delta is greater
+        // than that then we are expecting at least two frames of output. Wait
+        // for one of those.
+        // seq_in is seq of the next frame we are going to submit (1-15, no 0)
+        // seq_out is last frame we removed from Q
+        // So after 4 frames sent (1st time we want to wait), 0 rx seq_in=5, seq_out=15, delta=5
+
+        while ((out_buf = (seq_delta(sys->seq_in, sys->seq_out) >= 5 ? mmal_queue_timedwait(sys->out_q, 1000) : mmal_queue_get(sys->out_q))) != NULL)
+        {
+            const unsigned int seq_out = (out_buf->flags / MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_USER0) & 0xf;
+            picture_t * out_pic;
+
+            {
+                out_pic = di_alloc_opaque(p_filter, out_buf);
+
+                if (out_pic == NULL) {
+                    msg_Warn(p_filter, "Failed to alloc new filter output pic");
+                    mmal_queue_put_back(sys->out_q, out_buf);  // Wedge buf back into Q in the hope we can alloc a pic later
+                    out_buf = NULL;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            out_buf = NULL;  // Now attached to pic or recycled
+
+            *pp_pic = out_pic;
+            pp_pic = &out_pic->p_next;
+
+            // Ignore 0 seqs
+            // Don't think these should actually happen
+            if (seq_out != 0)
+                sys->seq_out = seq_out;
+        }
+
+        // Crash on lockup
+        assert(ret_pics != NULL || seq_delta(sys->seq_in, sys->seq_out) < 5);
     }
 
-    status = mmal_component_enable(sys->component);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                sys->component->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    return ret_pics;
+
+fail:
+    if (out_buf != NULL)
+        mmal_buffer_header_release(out_buf);
+    picture_Release(p_pic);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void di_flush(filter_t *p_filter)
+{
+    filter_sys_t * const sys = p_filter->p_sys;
+
+    if (sys->input != NULL && sys->input->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+
+    if (sys->output != NULL && sys->output->is_enabled)
+    {
+        {
+            // Wedge anything we've got into the output port as that will free the underlying buffers
+            fill_output_from_q(p_filter, sys, sys->out_q);
+
+            mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
+
+            // If that dumped anything real into the out_q then have another go
+            if (mmal_queue_length(sys->out_q) != 0)
+            {
+                mmal_port_enable(sys->output, di_output_port_cb);
+                fill_output_from_q(p_filter, sys, sys->out_q);
+                mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
+                // Out q should now be empty & should remain so until the input is reenabled
+            }
+        }
+        mmal_port_enable(sys->output, di_output_port_cb);
+
+        // Leaving the input disabled is fine - but we want to leave the output enabled
+        // so we can retrieve buffers that are still bound to pictures
     }
 
-    sys->filtered_pictures = mmal_queue_create();
+    sys->seq_in = 1;
+    sys->seq_out = 15;
+}
 
-    filter->pf_video_filter = deinterlace;
-    filter->pf_flush = flush;
 
-    vlc_sem_init(&sys->sem, 0);
+static void pass_flush(filter_t *p_filter)
+{
+    // Nothing to do
+    VLC_UNUSED(p_filter);
+}
 
-out:
-    if (ret != VLC_SUCCESS)
-        CloseMmalDeinterlace(obj);
+static picture_t * pass_deinterlace(filter_t * p_filter, picture_t * p_pic)
+{
+    VLC_UNUSED(p_filter);
 
-    return ret;
+    p_pic->b_progressive = true;
+    return p_pic;
 }
 
-static void CloseMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *obj)
+
+static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
 {
-    filter_t *filter = (filter_t *)obj;
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
+    filter_t *filter = (filter_t *)port->userdata;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
-    if (sys->component && sys->component->control->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->component->control);
+    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
+        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
+        msg_Err(filter, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status,
+                mmal_status_to_string(status));
+    }
 
-    if (sys->input && sys->input->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+    mmal_buffer_header_reset(buffer);
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+}
+
+static void CloseMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *p_this)
+{
+    filter_t *filter = (filter_t*)p_this;
+    filter_sys_t * const sys = filter->p_sys;
 
-    if (sys->output && sys->output->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->output);
+    if (sys == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    if (sys->use_passthrough)
+    {
+        free(sys);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    di_flush(filter);
+
+    if (sys->component && sys->component->control->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(sys->component->control);
 
     if (sys->component && sys->component->is_enabled)
         mmal_component_disable(sys->component);
 
-    while ((buffer = mmal_queue_get(sys->filtered_pictures))) {
-        picture_t *pic = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-        picture_Release(pic);
-    }
+    if (sys->in_pool != NULL)
+        mmal_pool_destroy(sys->in_pool);
+
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_release(sys->out_ppr, false);
+    // Once we exit filter & sys are invalid so mark as such
+    if (sys->output != NULL)
+        sys->output->userdata = NULL;
 
-    if (sys->filtered_pictures)
-        mmal_queue_destroy(sys->filtered_pictures);
+    if (sys->out_q != NULL)
+        mmal_queue_destroy(sys->out_q);
 
     if (sys->component)
         mmal_component_release(sys->component);
 
-    vlc_sem_destroy(&sys->sem);
+    cma_vcsm_exit(sys->vcsm_init_type);
+
     free(sys);
+}
+
 
-    bcm_host_deinit();
+static bool is_fmt_valid_in(const vlc_fourcc_t fmt)
+{
+    return fmt == VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
 }
 
-static int send_output_buffer(filter_t *filter)
+static int OpenMmalDeinterlace(vlc_object_t *p_this)
 {
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
+    filter_t *filter = (filter_t*)p_this;
+    int32_t frame_duration = filter->fmt_in.video.i_frame_rate != 0 ?
+            CLOCK_FREQ * filter->fmt_in.video.i_frame_rate_base /
+            filter->fmt_in.video.i_frame_rate : 0;
+
+    int ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
     MMAL_STATUS_T status;
-    picture_t *picture;
-    int ret = 0;
+    filter_sys_t *sys;
+
+    if (!is_fmt_valid_in(filter->fmt_in.video.i_chroma) ||
+        filter->fmt_out.video.i_chroma != filter->fmt_in.video.i_chroma)
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
 
-    if (!sys->output->is_enabled) {
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    sys = calloc(1, sizeof(filter_sys_t));
+    if (!sys)
+        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+    filter->p_sys = sys;
+
+    sys->seq_in = 1;
+    sys->seq_out = 15;
+
+    if ((sys->vcsm_init_type = cma_vcsm_init()) == VCSM_INIT_NONE) {
+        msg_Err(filter, "VCSM init failed");
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    picture = filter_NewPicture(filter);
-    if (!picture) {
-        msg_Warn(filter, "Failed to get new picture");
-        ret = -1;
-        goto out;
+    if (rpi_is_model_pi4())
+    {
+        sys->half_rate = true;
+        sys->use_qpu = false;
+        sys->use_fast = true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        sys->half_rate = false;
+        sys->use_qpu = true;
+        sys->use_fast = false;
     }
-    picture->format.i_frame_rate = filter->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate;
-    picture->format.i_frame_rate_base = filter->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate_base;
+    sys->use_passthrough = false;
 
-    picture_sys_t *p_sys = picture->p_sys;
-    buffer = p_sys->buffer;
-    buffer->user_data = picture;
-    buffer->cmd = 0;
+    if (filter->fmt_in.video.i_width * filter->fmt_in.video.i_height > 768 * 576)
+    {
+        // We get stressed if we have to try too hard - so make life easier
+        sys->half_rate = true;
+    }
 
-    mmal_picture_lock(picture);
+    if (var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NO_QPU))
+        sys->use_qpu = false;
+    if (var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_ADV))
+    {
+        sys->use_fast = false;
+        sys->use_passthrough = false;
+    }
+    if (var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FAST))
+    {
+        sys->use_fast = true;
+        sys->use_passthrough = false;
+    }
+    if (var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_NONE))
+        sys->use_passthrough = true;
+    if (var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_FULL_RATE))
+        sys->half_rate = false;
+    if (var_InheritBool(filter, MMAL_DEINTERLACE_HALF_RATE))
+        sys->half_rate = true;
+
+    if (sys->use_passthrough)
+    {
+        filter->pf_video_filter = pass_deinterlace;
+        filter->pf_flush = pass_flush;
+        // Don't need VCSM - get rid of it now
+        cma_vcsm_exit(sys->vcsm_init_type);
+        sys->vcsm_init_type = VCSM_INIT_NONE;
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-    status = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->output, buffer);
+    status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE, &sys->component);
     if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to send buffer to output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-        picture_Release(picture);
-        ret = -1;
-    } else {
-        atomic_fetch_add(&sys->output_in_transit, 1);
-        vlc_sem_post(&sys->sem);
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to create MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-out:
-    return ret;
-}
+    {
+        const MMAL_PARAMETER_IMAGEFX_PARAMETERS_T imfx_param = {
+            { MMAL_PARAMETER_IMAGE_EFFECT_PARAMETERS, sizeof(imfx_param) },
+            sys->use_fast ?
+                MMAL_PARAM_IMAGEFX_DEINTERLACE_FAST :
+                MMAL_PARAM_IMAGEFX_DEINTERLACE_ADV,
+            4,
+            { 5 /* Frame type: mixed */, frame_duration, sys->half_rate, sys->use_qpu }
+        };
 
-static void fill_output_port(filter_t *filter)
-{
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
-    /* allow at least 2 buffers in transit */
-    unsigned max_buffers_in_transit = __MAX(2, MIN_NUM_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT);
-    int buffers_available = sys->output->buffer_num -
-        atomic_load(&sys->output_in_transit) -
-        mmal_queue_length(sys->filtered_pictures);
-    int buffers_to_send = max_buffers_in_transit - sys->output_in_transit;
-    int i;
-
-    if (buffers_to_send > buffers_available)
-        buffers_to_send = buffers_available;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    msg_Dbg(filter, "Send %d buffers to output port (available: %d, in_transit: %d, buffer_num: %d)",
-                    buffers_to_send, buffers_available, sys->output_in_transit,
-                    sys->output->buffer_num);
-#endif
-    for (i = 0; i < buffers_to_send; ++i) {
-        if (send_output_buffer(filter) < 0)
-            break;
+        status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->component->output[0], &imfx_param.hdr);
+        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+            msg_Err(filter, "Failed to configure MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                    MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_DEINTERLACE, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+            goto fail;
+        }
     }
-}
 
-static picture_t *deinterlace(filter_t *filter, picture_t *picture)
-{
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
-    picture_t *out_picture = NULL;
-    picture_t *ret = NULL;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
-    unsigned i = 0;
+    sys->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)filter;
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->component->control, control_port_cb);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable control port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->component->control->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
-    fill_output_port(filter);
+    sys->input = sys->component->input[0];
+    sys->input->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)filter;
+    sys->input->format->encoding = vlc_to_mmal_video_fourcc(&filter->fmt_in.video);
+    hw_mmal_vlc_fmt_to_mmal_fmt(sys->input->format, &filter->fmt_in.video);
 
-    picture_sys_t *p_sys = picture->p_sys;
-    buffer = p_sys->buffer;
-    buffer->user_data = picture;
-    buffer->pts = picture->date;
-    buffer->cmd = 0;
+    es_format_Copy(&filter->fmt_out, &filter->fmt_in);
+    if (!sys->half_rate)
+        filter->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate *= 2;
 
-    if (!p_sys->displayed) {
-        status = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, buffer);
-        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-            msg_Err(filter, "Failed to send buffer to input port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                    status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-            picture_Release(picture);
-        } else {
-            p_sys->displayed = true;
-            atomic_fetch_add(&sys->input_in_transit, 1);
-            vlc_sem_post(&sys->sem);
-        }
-    } else {
-        picture_Release(picture);
+    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
     }
+    sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
+    sys->input->buffer_num = 30;
+//    sys->input->buffer_num = sys->input->buffer_num_recommended;
 
-    /*
-     * Send output buffers
-     */
-    while(atomic_load(&sys->started) && i < 2) {
-        if ((buffer = mmal_queue_timedwait(sys->filtered_pictures, 2000))) {
-            i++;
-            if (!out_picture) {
-                out_picture = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-                ret = out_picture;
-            } else {
-                out_picture->p_next = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-                out_picture = out_picture->p_next;
-            }
-            out_picture->date = buffer->pts;
-        } else {
-            msg_Dbg(filter, "Failed waiting for filtered picture");
-            break;
-        }
+    if ((sys->in_pool = mmal_pool_create(sys->input->buffer_num, 0)) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to create input pool");
+        goto fail;
     }
-    if (out_picture)
-        out_picture->p_next = NULL;
 
-    return ret;
-}
+    status = port_parameter_set_bool(sys->input, MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, true);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+       msg_Err(filter, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+       goto fail;
+    }
 
-static void flush(filter_t *filter)
-{
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
-
-    msg_Dbg(filter, "flush deinterlace filter");
-
-    msg_Dbg(filter, "flush: flush ports (input: %d, output: %d in transit)",
-            sys->input_in_transit, sys->output_in_transit);
-    mmal_port_flush(sys->output);
-    mmal_port_flush(sys->input);
-
-    msg_Dbg(filter, "flush: wait for all buffers to be returned");
-    while (atomic_load(&sys->input_in_transit) ||
-            atomic_load(&sys->output_in_transit))
-        vlc_sem_wait(&sys->sem);
-
-    while ((buffer = mmal_queue_get(sys->filtered_pictures))) {
-        picture_t *pic = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-        msg_Dbg(filter, "flush: release already filtered pic %p",
-                (void *)pic);
-        picture_Release(pic);
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, di_input_port_cb);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
     }
-    atomic_store(&sys->started, false);
-    msg_Dbg(filter, "flush: done");
-}
 
-static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
-{
-    filter_t *filter = (filter_t *)port->userdata;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
-    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
-        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
-        msg_Err(filter, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status,
-                mmal_status_to_string(status));
+    if ((sys->out_q = mmal_queue_create()) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to create out Q");
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-}
+    sys->output = sys->component->output[0];
+    mmal_format_full_copy(sys->output->format, sys->input->format);
 
-static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
-{
-    picture_t *picture = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-    filter_t *filter = (filter_t *)port->userdata;
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
+    {
+        if ((status = hw_mmal_opaque_output(VLC_OBJECT(filter), &sys->out_ppr, sys->output, 5, di_output_port_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            goto fail;
+    }
 
-    if (picture) {
-        picture_Release(picture);
-    } else {
-        msg_Warn(filter, "Got buffer without picture on input port - OOOPS");
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+    status = mmal_component_enable(sys->component);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(filter, "Failed to enable component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->component->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    atomic_fetch_sub(&sys->input_in_transit, 1);
-    vlc_sem_post(&sys->sem);
+    filter->pf_video_filter = deinterlace;
+    filter->pf_flush = di_flush;
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    CloseMmalDeinterlace(p_this);
+    return ret;
 }
 
-static void output_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
-{
-    filter_t *filter = (filter_t *)port->userdata;
-    filter_sys_t *sys = filter->p_sys;
-    picture_t *picture;
-
-    if (buffer->cmd == 0) {
-        if (buffer->length > 0) {
-            atomic_store(&sys->started, true);
-            mmal_queue_put(sys->filtered_pictures, buffer);
-            picture = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-        } else {
-            picture = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
-            picture_Release(picture);
-        }
 
-        atomic_fetch_sub(&sys->output_in_transit, 1);
-        vlc_sem_post(&sys->sem);
-    } else if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_FORMAT_CHANGED) {
-        msg_Warn(filter, "MMAL_EVENT_FORMAT_CHANGED seen but not handled");
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-    } else {
-        mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.c b/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.c
index e24db2c35f8..0da944b72cf 100644
--- a/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.c
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright © 2014 jusst technologies GmbH
  *
  * Authors: Julian Scheel <julian at jusst.de>
+ *          John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -22,26 +23,1028 @@
 
 #include <vlc_common.h>
 #include <vlc_picture.h>
+
+#include <bcm_host.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/mmal.h>
+#include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_util.h>
+#include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_default_components.h>
+#include <interface/vmcs_host/vcgencmd.h>
 
 #include "mmal_picture.h"
 
-const vlc_fourcc_t hw_mmal_vzc_subpicture_chromas[] = { VLC_CODEC_RGBA, 0 };
+const vlc_fourcc_t hw_mmal_vzc_subpicture_chromas[] = { VLC_CODEC_RGBA, VLC_CODEC_BGRA, VLC_CODEC_ARGB, 0 };
 
+#define UINT64_SIZE(s) (((s) + sizeof(uint64_t) - 1)/sizeof(uint64_t))
 
-int mmal_picture_lock(picture_t *picture)
+MMAL_FOURCC_T vlc_to_mmal_color_space(const video_color_space_t vlc_cs)
 {
-    picture_sys_t *pic_sys = picture->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer = pic_sys->buffer;
+    switch (vlc_cs)
+    {
+        case COLOR_SPACE_BT601:
+            return MMAL_COLOR_SPACE_ITUR_BT601;
+        case COLOR_SPACE_BT709:
+            return MMAL_COLOR_SPACE_ITUR_BT709;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    return MMAL_COLOR_SPACE_UNKNOWN;
+}
 
-    int offset = 0;
-    picture->p[0].p_pixels = buffer->data;
-    for (int i = 1; i < picture->i_planes; i++) {
-        offset = offset + picture->p[i - 1].i_pitch * picture->p[i - 1].i_lines;
-        picture->p[i].p_pixels = (ptrdiff_t)buffer->data + offset;
+MMAL_FOURCC_T vlc_to_mmal_video_fourcc(const video_frame_format_t * const vf_vlc)
+{
+    switch (vf_vlc->i_chroma) {
+        case VLC_CODEC_RGB32:
+        {
+            // VLC RGB32 aka RV32 means we have to look at the mask values
+            const uint32_t r = vf_vlc->i_rmask;
+            const uint32_t g = vf_vlc->i_gmask;
+            const uint32_t b = vf_vlc->i_bmask;
+            if (r == 0xff0000 && g == 0xff00 && b == 0xff)
+                return MMAL_ENCODING_BGRA;
+            if (r == 0xff && g == 0xff00 && b == 0xff0000)
+                return MMAL_ENCODING_RGBA;
+            if (r == 0xff000000 && g == 0xff0000 && b == 0xff00)
+                return MMAL_ENCODING_ABGR;
+            if (r == 0xff00 && g == 0xff0000 && b == 0xff000000)
+                return MMAL_ENCODING_ARGB;
+            break;
+        }
+        case VLC_CODEC_RGB16:
+        {
+            // VLC RGB16 aka RV16 means we have to look at the mask values
+            const uint32_t r = vf_vlc->i_rmask;
+            const uint32_t g = vf_vlc->i_gmask;
+            const uint32_t b = vf_vlc->i_bmask;
+            if (r == 0xf800 && g == 0x7e0 && b == 0x1f)
+                return MMAL_ENCODING_RGB16;
+            break;
+        }
+        case VLC_CODEC_I420:
+            return MMAL_ENCODING_I420;
+        case VLC_CODEC_RGBA:
+            return MMAL_ENCODING_RGBA;
+        case VLC_CODEC_BGRA:
+            return MMAL_ENCODING_BGRA;
+        case VLC_CODEC_ARGB:
+            return MMAL_ENCODING_ARGB;
+        // VLC_CODEC_ABGR does not exist in VLC
+        case VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE:
+            return MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
+        default:
+            break;
     }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void vlc_fmt_to_video_format(MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T *const vf_mmal, const video_frame_format_t * const vf_vlc)
+{
+    const unsigned int wmask = (vf_vlc->i_chroma == VLC_CODEC_I420) ? 31 : 15;
+
+    vf_mmal->width          = (vf_vlc->i_width + wmask) & ~wmask;
+    vf_mmal->height         = (vf_vlc->i_height + 15) & ~15;
+    vf_mmal->crop.x         = vf_vlc->i_x_offset;
+    vf_mmal->crop.y         = vf_vlc->i_y_offset;
+    vf_mmal->crop.width     = vf_vlc->i_visible_width;
+    vf_mmal->crop.height    = vf_vlc->i_visible_height;
+    if (vf_vlc->i_sar_num == 0 || vf_vlc->i_sar_den == 0) {
+        vf_mmal->par.num        = 1;
+        vf_mmal->par.den        = 1;
+    } else {
+        vf_mmal->par.num        = vf_vlc->i_sar_num;
+        vf_mmal->par.den        = vf_vlc->i_sar_den;
+    }
+    vf_mmal->frame_rate.num = vf_vlc->i_frame_rate;
+    vf_mmal->frame_rate.den = vf_vlc->i_frame_rate_base;
+    vf_mmal->color_space    = vlc_to_mmal_color_space(vf_vlc->space);
+}
+
+
+void hw_mmal_vlc_fmt_to_mmal_fmt(MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *const es_fmt, const video_frame_format_t * const vf_vlc)
+{
+    vlc_fmt_to_video_format(&es_fmt->es->video, vf_vlc);
+}
+
+bool hw_mmal_vlc_pic_to_mmal_fmt_update(MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *const es_fmt, const picture_t * const pic)
+{
+    MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T vf_new_ss;
+    MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T *const vf_old = &es_fmt->es->video;
+    MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T *const vf_new = &vf_new_ss;
+
+    vlc_fmt_to_video_format(vf_new, &pic->format);
+
+    if (
+        vf_new->width          != vf_old->width          ||
+        vf_new->height         != vf_old->height         ||
+        vf_new->crop.x         != vf_old->crop.x         ||
+        vf_new->crop.y         != vf_old->crop.y         ||
+        vf_new->crop.width     != vf_old->crop.width     ||
+        vf_new->crop.height    != vf_old->crop.height    ||
+        vf_new->par.num        != vf_old->par.num        ||
+        vf_new->par.den        != vf_old->par.den        ||
+        // Frame rate ignored
+        vf_new->color_space    != vf_old->color_space)
+    {
+        *vf_old = *vf_new;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 
-    pic_sys->displayed = false;
+static hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_create(MMAL_PORT_T * const port,
+   const unsigned int headers, const uint32_t payload_size)
+{
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * ppr = calloc(1, sizeof(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t));
+    if (ppr == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if ((ppr->pool = mmal_port_pool_create(port, headers, payload_size)) == NULL)
+        goto fail;
+
+    ppr->port = port;
+    atomic_store(&ppr->refs, 1);
+    return ppr;
+
+fail:
+    free(ppr);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void do_detached(void *(*fn)(void *), void * v)
+{
+    pthread_t dothread;
+    pthread_create(&dothread, NULL, fn, v);
+    pthread_detach(dothread);
+}
+
+// Destroy a ppr - aranged s.t. it has the correct prototype for a pthread
+static void * kill_ppr(void * v)
+{
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr = v;
+    if (ppr->port->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(ppr->port);  // Avoid annoyed messages from MMAL when we kill the pool
+    mmal_port_pool_destroy(ppr->port, ppr->pool);
+    free(ppr);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_release(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr, const bool in_cb)
+{
+    if (ppr == NULL)
+        return;
+    if (atomic_fetch_sub(&ppr->refs, 1) != 1)
+        return;
+    if (in_cb)
+        do_detached(kill_ppr, ppr);
+    else
+        kill_ppr(ppr);
+}
+
+// Put buffer in port if possible - if not then release to pool
+// Returns true if sent, false if recycled
+bool hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_recycle(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf)
+{
+    mmal_buffer_header_reset(buf);
+    buf->user_data = NULL;
+
+    if (mmal_port_send_buffer(ppr->port, buf) == MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        return true;
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+    return false;
+}
+
+MMAL_STATUS_T hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_fill(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr)
+{
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * buf;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err = MMAL_SUCCESS;
+
+    while ((buf = mmal_queue_get(ppr->pool->queue)) != NULL) {
+        if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(ppr->port, buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            mmal_queue_put_back(ppr->pool->queue, buf);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return err;
+}
+
+
+MMAL_STATUS_T hw_mmal_opaque_output(vlc_object_t * const obj,
+                                    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t ** pppr,
+                                    MMAL_PORT_T * const port,
+                                    const unsigned int extra_buffers, MMAL_PORT_BH_CB_T callback)
+{
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+
+    port->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)obj;
+
+    status = port_parameter_set_uint32(port, MMAL_PARAMETER_EXTRA_BUFFERS, extra_buffers);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(obj, "Failed to set MMAL_PARAMETER_EXTRA_BUFFERS on output port (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    status = port_parameter_set_bool(port, MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, 1);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+       msg_Err(obj, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                port->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+       return status;
+    }
+
+    port->format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
+    port->format->encoding_variant = 0;
+    if ((status = mmal_port_format_commit(port)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        msg_Err(obj, "Failed to commit format on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                 port->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    port->buffer_num = 30;
+    port->buffer_size = port->buffer_size_recommended;
+
+    if ((*pppr = hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_create(port, port->buffer_num, port->buffer_size)) == NULL) {
+        msg_Err(obj, "Failed to create output pool");
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    status = mmal_port_enable(port, callback);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_release(*pppr, false);
+        *pppr = NULL;
+        msg_Err(obj, "Failed to enable output port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                port->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static void hw_mmal_pic_ctx_destroy(picture_context_t * pic_ctx_cmn)
+{
+    pic_ctx_mmal_t * const ctx = (pic_ctx_mmal_t *)pic_ctx_cmn;
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i != ctx->buf_count; ++i) {
+        if (ctx->bufs[i] != NULL)
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(ctx->bufs[i]);
+    }
+
+    free(ctx);
+}
+
+static picture_context_t * hw_mmal_pic_ctx_copy(picture_context_t * pic_ctx_cmn)
+{
+    const pic_ctx_mmal_t * const src_ctx = (pic_ctx_mmal_t *)pic_ctx_cmn;
+    pic_ctx_mmal_t * const dst_ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(*dst_ctx));
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    if (dst_ctx == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    // Copy
+    dst_ctx->cmn = src_ctx->cmn;
+
+    dst_ctx->buf_count = src_ctx->buf_count;
+    for (i = 0; i != src_ctx->buf_count; ++i) {
+        dst_ctx->bufs[i] = src_ctx->bufs[i];
+        if (dst_ctx->bufs[i] != NULL)
+            mmal_buffer_header_acquire(dst_ctx->bufs[i]);
+    }
+
+    return &dst_ctx->cmn;
+}
+
+static MMAL_BOOL_T
+buf_pre_release_cb(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * buf, void *userdata)
+{
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr = userdata;
+
+    // Kill the callback - otherwise we will go in circles!
+    mmal_buffer_header_pre_release_cb_set(buf, (MMAL_BH_PRE_RELEASE_CB_T)0, NULL);
+    mmal_buffer_header_acquire(buf);  // Ref it again
+
+    // As we have re-acquired the buffer we need a full release
+    // (not continue) to zap the ref count back to zero
+    // This is "safe" 'cos we have already reset the cb
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_recycle(ppr, buf);
+    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_release(ppr, true); // Assume in callback
+
+    return MMAL_TRUE;
+}
+
+// Buffer belongs to context on successful return from this fn
+// is still valid on failure
+picture_context_t *
+hw_mmal_gen_context(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * buf, hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr)
+{
+    pic_ctx_mmal_t * const ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(pic_ctx_mmal_t));
+
+    if (ctx == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    // If we have an associated ppr then ref & set appropriate callbacks
+    if (ppr != NULL) {
+        atomic_fetch_add(&ppr->refs, 1);
+        mmal_buffer_header_pre_release_cb_set(buf, buf_pre_release_cb, ppr);
+        buf->user_data = NULL;
+    }
+
+    ctx->cmn.copy = hw_mmal_pic_ctx_copy;
+    ctx->cmn.destroy = hw_mmal_pic_ctx_destroy;
+
+    ctx->buf_count = 1;
+    ctx->bufs[0] = buf;
+
+    return &ctx->cmn;
+}
+
+// n is els
+typedef void piccpy_fn(void * dest, const void * src, size_t n);
+
+static void piccpy_10_to_8_c(void * dest, const void * src, size_t n)
+{
+    uint8_t * d = dest;
+    const uint16_t * s = src;
+    while (n-- != 0)
+        *d++ = *s++ >> 2;
+}
+
+// Do a stride converting copy - if the strides are the same and line_len is
+// close then do a single block copy - we don't expect to have to preserve
+// pixels in the output frame
+static void mem_copy_2d(uint8_t * d_ptr, const size_t d_stride,
+                        const uint8_t * s_ptr, const size_t s_stride,
+                        size_t lines, const size_t line_len)
+{
+    if (s_stride == d_stride && d_stride < line_len + 32)
+    {
+        memcpy(d_ptr, s_ptr, d_stride * lines);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        while (lines-- != 0) {
+            memcpy(d_ptr, s_ptr, line_len);
+            d_ptr += d_stride;
+            s_ptr += s_stride;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// line_len in D units
+static void mem_copy_2d_10_to_8(uint8_t * d_ptr, const size_t d_stride,
+                        const uint8_t * s_ptr, const size_t s_stride,
+                        size_t lines, const size_t line_len)
+{
+    piccpy_fn * const docpy = piccpy_10_to_8_c;
+    if (s_stride == d_stride * 2 && d_stride < line_len + 32)
+    {
+        docpy(d_ptr, s_ptr, d_stride * lines);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        while (lines-- != 0) {
+            docpy(d_ptr, s_ptr, line_len);
+            d_ptr += d_stride;
+            s_ptr += s_stride;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+int hw_mmal_copy_pic_to_buf(void * const buf_data,
+                            uint32_t * const pLength,
+                            const MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T * const fmt,
+                            const picture_t * const pic)
+{
+    const MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T *const video = &fmt->es->video;
+    uint8_t * const dest = buf_data;
+    size_t length = 0;
+
+    //**** Worry about x/y_offsets
+
+    assert(fmt->encoding == MMAL_ENCODING_I420);
+
+    switch (pic->format.i_chroma) {
+        case VLC_CODEC_I420:
+        {
+            // TODO replace by plane_CopyPixels() or a fake picture_CopyPixels
+            // or use copy.c Copy420_P_to_P
+            const size_t y_size = video->width * video->height;
+            mem_copy_2d(dest, video->width,
+                 pic->p[0].p_pixels, pic->p[0].i_pitch,
+                 video->crop.height,
+                 video->crop.width);
+
+            mem_copy_2d(dest + y_size, video->width / 2,
+                 pic->p[1].p_pixels, pic->p[1].i_pitch,
+                 video->crop.height / 2,
+                 video->crop.width / 2);
+
+            mem_copy_2d(dest + y_size + y_size / 4, video->width / 2,
+                 pic->p[2].p_pixels, pic->p[2].i_pitch,
+                 video->crop.height / 2,
+                 video->crop.width / 2);
+
+            // And make sure it is actually in memory
+            length = y_size + y_size / 2;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case VLC_CODEC_I420_10L:
+        {
+            const size_t y_size = video->width * video->height;
+            mem_copy_2d_10_to_8(dest, video->width,
+                 pic->p[0].p_pixels, pic->p[0].i_pitch,
+                 video->crop.height,
+                 video->crop.width);
+
+            mem_copy_2d_10_to_8(dest + y_size, video->width / 2,
+                 pic->p[1].p_pixels, pic->p[1].i_pitch,
+                 video->crop.height / 2,
+                 video->crop.width / 2);
+
+            mem_copy_2d_10_to_8(dest + y_size + y_size / 4, video->width / 2,
+                 pic->p[2].p_pixels, pic->p[2].i_pitch,
+                 video->crop.height / 2,
+                 video->crop.width / 2);
+
+            // And make sure it is actually in memory
+            length = y_size + y_size / 2;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+            if (pLength != NULL)
+                *pLength = 0;
+            return VLC_EBADVAR;
+    }
+
+    if (pLength != NULL)
+        *pLength = (uint32_t)length;
 
     return VLC_SUCCESS;
 }
+
+
+static void pic_to_buf_copy_props(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf, const picture_t * const pic)
+{
+    if (!pic->b_progressive)
+    {
+        buf->flags |= MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_INTERLACED;
+        buf->type->video.flags |= MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_INTERLACED;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        buf->flags &= ~MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_INTERLACED;
+        buf->type->video.flags &= ~MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_INTERLACED;
+    }
+    if (pic->b_top_field_first)
+    {
+        buf->flags |= MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_TOP_FIELD_FIRST;
+        buf->type->video.flags |= MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_TOP_FIELD_FIRST;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        buf->flags &= ~MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_TOP_FIELD_FIRST;
+        buf->type->video.flags &= ~MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_TOP_FIELD_FIRST;
+    }
+    buf->pts = pic->date != VLC_TICK_INVALID ? pic->date : MMAL_TIME_UNKNOWN;
+    buf->dts = buf->pts;
+}
+
+MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * hw_mmal_pic_buf_replicated(const picture_t *const pic, MMAL_POOL_T * const rep_pool)
+{
+    pic_ctx_mmal_t *const ctx = (pic_ctx_mmal_t *)pic->context;
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *const rep_buf = mmal_queue_wait(rep_pool->queue);
+
+    if (rep_buf == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (ctx->bufs[0] != NULL)
+    {
+        // Existing buffer - replicate it
+        if (mmal_buffer_header_replicate(rep_buf, ctx->bufs[0]) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+    else
+        goto fail;
+
+    pic_to_buf_copy_props(rep_buf, pic);
+    return rep_buf;
+
+fail:
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(rep_buf);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+typedef struct pool_ent_s
+{
+    struct pool_ent_s * next;
+    struct pool_ent_s * prev;
+
+    atomic_int ref_count;
+    unsigned int seq;
+
+    size_t size;
+
+    int vc_hdl;
+    void * buf;
+
+    unsigned int width;
+    unsigned int height;
+    MMAL_FOURCC_T enc_type;
+
+    picture_t * pic;
+} pool_ent_t;
+
+
+typedef struct ent_list_hdr_s
+{
+    pool_ent_t * ents;
+    pool_ent_t * tail;
+    unsigned int n;
+} ent_list_hdr_t;
+
+#define ENT_LIST_HDR_INIT (ent_list_hdr_t){ \
+   .ents = NULL, \
+   .tail = NULL, \
+   .n = 0 \
+}
+
+struct vzc_pool_ctl_s
+{
+    atomic_int ref_count;
+
+    ent_list_hdr_t ent_pool;
+    ent_list_hdr_t ents_cur;
+    ent_list_hdr_t ents_prev;
+
+    unsigned int max_n;
+    unsigned int seq;
+
+    vlc_mutex_t lock;
+
+    MMAL_POOL_T * buf_pool;
+
+    vcsm_init_type_t vcsm_init_type;
+};
+
+typedef struct vzc_subbuf_ent_s
+{
+    pool_ent_t * ent;
+    MMAL_RECT_T pic_rect;
+    MMAL_RECT_T orig_dest_rect;
+    MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T dreg;
+} vzc_subbuf_ent_t;
+
+
+static pool_ent_t * ent_extract(ent_list_hdr_t * const elh, pool_ent_t * const ent)
+{
+    if (ent == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (ent->next == NULL)
+        elh->tail = ent->prev;
+    else
+        ent->next->prev = ent->prev;
+
+    if (ent->prev == NULL)
+        elh->ents = ent->next;
+    else
+        ent->prev->next = ent->next;
+
+    ent->prev = ent->next = NULL;
+
+    --elh->n;
+
+    return ent;  // For convienience
+}
+
+static pool_ent_t * ent_extract_tail(ent_list_hdr_t * const elh)
+{
+    return ent_extract(elh, elh->tail);
+}
+
+static void ent_add_head(ent_list_hdr_t * const elh, pool_ent_t * const ent)
+{
+    if ((ent->next = elh->ents) == NULL)
+        elh->tail = ent;
+    else
+        ent->next->prev = ent;
+
+    ent->prev = NULL;
+    elh->ents = ent;
+    ++elh->n;
+}
+
+static void ent_free(pool_ent_t * const ent)
+{
+    if (ent != NULL) {
+        // If we still have a ref to a pic - kill it now
+        if (ent->pic != NULL)
+            picture_Release(ent->pic);
+
+        free(ent);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ent_free_list(ent_list_hdr_t * const elh)
+{
+    pool_ent_t * ent = elh->ents;
+
+    *elh = ENT_LIST_HDR_INIT;
+
+    while (ent != NULL) {
+        pool_ent_t * const t = ent;
+        ent = t->next;
+        ent_free(t);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ent_list_move(ent_list_hdr_t * const dst, ent_list_hdr_t * const src)
+{
+    *dst = *src;
+    *src = ENT_LIST_HDR_INIT;
+}
+
+// Scans "backwards" as that should give us the fastest match if we are
+// presented with pics in the same order each time
+static pool_ent_t * ent_list_extract_pic_ent(ent_list_hdr_t * const elh, picture_t * const pic)
+{
+    pool_ent_t *ent = elh->tail;
+
+    while (ent != NULL) {
+        if (ent->pic == pic)
+            return ent_extract(elh, ent);
+        ent = ent->prev;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#define POOL_ENT_ALLOC_BLOCK  0x10000
+
+static pool_ent_t * pool_ent_ref(pool_ent_t * const ent)
+{
+//    int n = atomic_fetch_add(&ent->ref_count, 1) + 1;
+    atomic_fetch_add(&ent->ref_count, 1);
+    return ent;
+}
+
+static void pool_recycle(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc, pool_ent_t * const ent)
+{
+    pool_ent_t * xs = NULL;
+    int n;
+
+    if (ent == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    n = atomic_fetch_sub(&ent->ref_count, 1) - 1;
+
+    if (n != 0)
+        return;
+
+    if (ent->pic != NULL) {
+        picture_Release(ent->pic);
+        ent->pic = NULL;
+    }
+
+    vlc_mutex_lock(&pc->lock);
+
+    // If we have a full pool then extract the LRU and free it
+    // Free done outside mutex
+    if (pc->ent_pool.n >= pc->max_n)
+        xs = ent_extract_tail(&pc->ent_pool);
+
+    ent_add_head(&pc->ent_pool, ent);
+
+    vlc_mutex_unlock(&pc->lock);
+
+    ent_free(xs);
+}
+
+// * This could be made more efficient, but this is easy
+static void pool_recycle_list(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc, ent_list_hdr_t * const elh)
+{
+    pool_ent_t * ent;
+    while ((ent = ent_extract_tail(elh)) != NULL) {
+        pool_recycle(pc, ent);
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool hw_mmal_vzc_buf_set_format(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf, MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T * const es_fmt)
+{
+    const pool_ent_t *const ent = ((vzc_subbuf_ent_t *)buf->user_data)->ent;
+    MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T * const v_fmt = &es_fmt->es->video;
+
+    es_fmt->type = MMAL_ES_TYPE_VIDEO;
+    es_fmt->encoding = ent->enc_type;
+    es_fmt->encoding_variant = 0;
+
+    v_fmt->width = ent->width;
+    v_fmt->height = ent->height;
+    v_fmt->crop.x = 0;
+    v_fmt->crop.y = 0;
+    v_fmt->crop.width = ent->width;
+    v_fmt->crop.height = ent->height;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T * hw_mmal_vzc_buf_region(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf)
+{
+    vzc_subbuf_ent_t * sb = buf->user_data;
+    return &sb->dreg;
+}
+
+static int rescale_x(int x, int mul, int div)
+{
+    return div == 0 ? x * mul : (x * mul + div/2) / div;
+}
+
+static void rescale_rect(MMAL_RECT_T * const d, const MMAL_RECT_T * const s, const MMAL_RECT_T * mul_rect, const MMAL_RECT_T * div_rect)
+{
+    d->x      = rescale_x(s->x - div_rect->x, mul_rect->width,  div_rect->width)  + mul_rect->x;
+    d->y      = rescale_x(s->y - div_rect->y, mul_rect->height, div_rect->height) + mul_rect->y;
+    d->width  = rescale_x(s->width,           mul_rect->width,  div_rect->width);
+    d->height = rescale_x(s->height,          mul_rect->height, div_rect->height);
+}
+
+void hw_mmal_vzc_buf_scale_dest_rect(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf, const MMAL_RECT_T * const scale_rect)
+{
+    vzc_subbuf_ent_t * sb = buf->user_data;
+    if (scale_rect == NULL) {
+        sb->dreg.dest_rect = sb->orig_dest_rect;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        rescale_rect(&sb->dreg.dest_rect, &sb->orig_dest_rect,
+                     scale_rect, &sb->pic_rect);
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned int hw_mmal_vzc_buf_seq(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf)
+{
+    vzc_subbuf_ent_t * sb = buf->user_data;
+    return sb->ent->seq;
+}
+
+
+// The intent with the ents_cur & ents_last stuff is to remember the buffers
+// we used on the last frame and reuse them on the current one if they are the
+// same.  Unfortunately detection of "is_first" is only a heuristic (there are
+// no rules governing the order in which things are blended) so we must deal
+// (fairly) gracefully with it never (or always) being set.
+
+// dst_fmt gives the number space in which the destination pixels are specified
+
+MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * hw_mmal_vzc_buf_from_pic(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc,
+                                                picture_t * const pic,
+                                                const MMAL_RECT_T dst_pic_rect,
+                                                const int x_offset, const int y_offset,
+                                                const unsigned int alpha,
+                                                const bool is_first)
+{
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf = mmal_queue_get(pc->buf_pool->queue);
+    vzc_subbuf_ent_t * sb;
+
+    if (buf == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if ((sb = calloc(1, sizeof(*sb))) == NULL)
+        goto fail1;
+
+    // If first or we've had a lot of stuff move everything to the last list
+    // (we could deal more gracefully with the "too many" case but it shouldn't
+    // really happen)
+    if (is_first || pc->ents_cur.n >= CTX_BUFS_MAX) {
+        pool_recycle_list(pc, &pc->ents_prev);
+        ent_list_move(&pc->ents_prev, &pc->ents_cur);
+    }
+
+    sb->dreg.hdr.id = MMAL_PARAMETER_DISPLAYREGION;
+    sb->dreg.hdr.size = sizeof(sb->dreg);
+
+    {
+        // ?? Round start offset as well as length
+        const video_format_t *const fmt = &pic->format;
+
+        const unsigned int bpp = (fmt->i_bits_per_pixel + 7) >> 3;
+        const unsigned int xl = (fmt->i_x_offset & ~15);
+        const unsigned int xr = (fmt->i_x_offset + fmt->i_visible_width + 15) & ~15;
+        const size_t dst_stride = (xr - xl) * bpp;
+        const size_t dst_lines = ((fmt->i_visible_height + 15) & ~15);
+        const size_t dst_size = dst_stride * dst_lines;
+
+        pool_ent_t * ent = ent_list_extract_pic_ent(&pc->ents_prev, pic);
+
+        // If we didn't find ent in last then look in cur in case is_first
+        // isn't working
+        if (ent == NULL)
+            ent = ent_list_extract_pic_ent(&pc->ents_cur, pic);
+
+        if (ent == NULL)
+        {
+            goto fail2;
+        }
+        buf->user_data = sb;
+
+        ent_add_head(&pc->ents_cur, ent);
+
+        sb->ent = pool_ent_ref(ent);
+        hw_mmal_vzc_pool_ref(pc);
+
+        // Copy data
+        buf->next = NULL;
+        buf->cmd = 0;
+        buf->data = (uint8_t *)(ent->vc_hdl);
+        buf->alloc_size = buf->length = dst_size;
+        buf->offset = 0;
+        buf->flags = MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_FRAME_END;
+        buf->pts = buf->dts = pic->date != VLC_TICK_INVALID ? pic->date : MMAL_TIME_UNKNOWN;
+        buf->type->video = (MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_SPECIFIC_T){
+            .planes = 1,
+            .pitch = { dst_stride }
+        };
+
+        // Remember offsets
+        sb->dreg.set = MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_SRC_RECT |
+            MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_DEST_RECT |
+            MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_FULLSCREEN |
+            MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_ALPHA;
+
+        sb->dreg.fullscreen = 0;
+        // Will be set later - zero now to avoid any confusion
+        sb->dreg.dest_rect = (MMAL_RECT_T){0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+        sb->dreg.alpha = (uint32_t)(alpha & 0xff) | MMAL_DISPLAY_ALPHA_FLAGS_MIX;
+
+        sb->dreg.src_rect = (MMAL_RECT_T){
+            .x      = (fmt->i_x_offset - xl),
+            .y      = 0,
+            .width  = fmt->i_visible_width,
+            .height = fmt->i_visible_height
+        };
+
+        sb->pic_rect = dst_pic_rect;
+
+        sb->orig_dest_rect = (MMAL_RECT_T){
+            .x      = x_offset,
+            .y      = y_offset,
+            .width  = fmt->i_visible_width,
+            .height = fmt->i_visible_height
+        };
+    }
+
+    return buf;
+
+fail2:
+    free(sb);
+fail1:
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_flush(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc)
+{
+    pool_recycle_list(pc, &pc->ents_prev);
+    pool_recycle_list(pc, &pc->ents_cur);
+}
+
+static void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_delete(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc)
+{
+
+    hw_mmal_vzc_pool_flush(pc);
+
+    ent_free_list(&pc->ent_pool);
+
+    if (pc->buf_pool != NULL)
+        mmal_pool_destroy(pc->buf_pool);
+
+    vlc_mutex_destroy(&pc->lock);
+
+    cma_vcsm_exit(pc->vcsm_init_type);
+
+//    memset(pc, 0xba, sizeof(*pc)); // Zap for (hopefully) faster crash
+    free (pc);
+}
+
+void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_release(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc)
+{
+    int n;
+
+    if (pc == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    n = atomic_fetch_sub(&pc->ref_count, 1) - 1;
+
+    if (n != 0)
+        return;
+
+    hw_mmal_vzc_pool_delete(pc);
+}
+
+void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_ref(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc)
+{
+    atomic_fetch_add(&pc->ref_count, 1);
+}
+
+static MMAL_BOOL_T vcz_pool_release_cb(MMAL_POOL_T * buf_pool, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buf, void *userdata)
+{
+    vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc = userdata;
+    vzc_subbuf_ent_t * const sb = buf->user_data;
+
+    VLC_UNUSED(buf_pool);
+
+    if (sb != NULL) {
+        buf->user_data = NULL;
+        pool_recycle(pc, sb->ent);
+        hw_mmal_vzc_pool_release(pc);
+        free(sb);
+    }
+
+    return MMAL_TRUE;
+}
+
+vzc_pool_ctl_t * hw_mmal_vzc_pool_new()
+{
+    vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc = calloc(1, sizeof(*pc));
+
+    if (pc == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if ((pc->vcsm_init_type = cma_vcsm_init()) == VCSM_INIT_NONE)
+    {
+        free(pc);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pc->max_n = 8;
+    vlc_mutex_init(&pc->lock);  // Must init before potential destruction
+
+    if ((pc->buf_pool = mmal_pool_create(64, 0)) == NULL)
+    {
+        hw_mmal_vzc_pool_delete(pc);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    atomic_store(&pc->ref_count, 1);
+
+    mmal_pool_callback_set(pc->buf_pool, vcz_pool_release_cb, pc);
+
+    return pc;
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* Returns the type of the Pi being used
+*/
+bool rpi_is_model_pi4(void) {
+    return bcm_host_is_model_pi4();
+}
+
+// Preferred mode - none->cma on Pi4 otherwise legacy
+static volatile vcsm_init_type_t last_vcsm_type = VCSM_INIT_NONE;
+
+vcsm_init_type_t cma_vcsm_type(void)
+{
+    return last_vcsm_type;
+}
+
+vcsm_init_type_t cma_vcsm_init(void)
+{
+    vcsm_init_type_t rv = VCSM_INIT_LEGACY;
+
+    bcm_host_init();
+    last_vcsm_type = rv;
+    return rv;
+}
+
+void cma_vcsm_exit(const vcsm_init_type_t init_mode)
+{
+    if (init_mode != VCSM_INIT_NONE)
+    {
+        bcm_host_deinit();  // Does nothing but add in case it ever does
+    }
+}
+
+const char * cma_vcsm_init_str(const vcsm_init_type_t init_mode)
+{
+    switch (init_mode)
+    {
+        case VCSM_INIT_LEGACY:
+            return "Legacy";
+        case VCSM_INIT_NONE:
+            return "none";
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    return "???";
+}
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.h b/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.h
index c2ed09785a6..ab64081b0a1 100644
--- a/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.h
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/mmal_picture.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright © 2014 jusst technologies GmbH
  *
  * Authors: Julian Scheel <julian at jusst.de>
+ *          John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -29,18 +30,128 @@
 /* Think twice before changing this. Incorrect values cause havoc. */
 #define NUM_ACTUAL_OPAQUE_BUFFERS 30
 
-typedef struct
+typedef struct mmal_port_pool_ref_s
 {
-    vlc_object_t *owner;
+    atomic_uint refs;
+    MMAL_POOL_T * pool;
+    MMAL_PORT_T * port;
+} hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t;
 
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer;
-    bool displayed;
-} picture_sys_t;
 
-int mmal_picture_lock(picture_t *picture);
+#define CTX_BUFS_MAX 4
+typedef struct pic_ctx_mmal_s {
+    picture_context_t cmn;  // PARENT: Common els at start
+
+    unsigned int buf_count;
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * bufs[CTX_BUFS_MAX];
+
+} pic_ctx_mmal_t;
+
+MMAL_FOURCC_T vlc_to_mmal_video_fourcc(const video_frame_format_t * const vf_vlc);
+MMAL_FOURCC_T vlc_to_mmal_color_space(const video_color_space_t vlc_cs);
+void hw_mmal_vlc_fmt_to_mmal_fmt(MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *const es_fmt, const video_frame_format_t * const vf_vlc);
+// Returns true if fmt_changed
+// frame_rate ignored for compare, but is set if something else is updated
+bool hw_mmal_vlc_pic_to_mmal_fmt_update(MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *const es_fmt, const picture_t * const pic);
+
+// Copy pic contents into an existing buffer
+int hw_mmal_copy_pic_to_buf(void * const buf_data, uint32_t * const pLength,
+                            const MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T * const fmt, const picture_t * const pic);
+
+void hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_release(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr, const bool in_cb);
+bool hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_recycle(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf);
+MMAL_STATUS_T hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_fill(hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr);
+MMAL_STATUS_T hw_mmal_opaque_output(vlc_object_t * const obj,
+                                    hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t ** pppr,
+                                    MMAL_PORT_T * const port,
+                                    const unsigned int extra_buffers, MMAL_PORT_BH_CB_T callback);
+
+static inline MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * hw_mmal_pic_sub_buf_get(picture_t * const pic, const unsigned int n)
+{
+    pic_ctx_mmal_t * const ctx = (pic_ctx_mmal_t *)pic->context;
+
+    return n + 1 > ctx->buf_count ? NULL : ctx->bufs[n + 1];
+}
+
+static inline bool hw_mmal_chroma_is_mmal(const vlc_fourcc_t chroma)
+{
+    return
+        chroma == VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
+}
+
+picture_context_t * hw_mmal_gen_context(
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * buf, hw_mmal_port_pool_ref_t * const ppr);
+
+
+static inline MMAL_STATUS_T port_parameter_set_uint32(MMAL_PORT_T * port, uint32_t id, uint32_t val)
+{
+    const MMAL_PARAMETER_UINT32_T param = {
+        .hdr = {.id = id, .size = sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_UINT32_T)},
+        .value = val
+    };
+    return mmal_port_parameter_set(port, &param.hdr);
+}
+
+static inline MMAL_STATUS_T port_parameter_set_bool(MMAL_PORT_T * const port, const uint32_t id, const bool val)
+{
+    const MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T param = {
+        .hdr = {.id = id, .size = sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T)},
+        .enable = val
+    };
+    return mmal_port_parameter_set(port, &param.hdr);
+}
+
+static inline void buf_to_pic_copy_props(picture_t * const pic, const MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf)
+{
+    // Contrary to docn the interlace & tff flags turn up in the header flags rather than the
+    // video specific flags (which appear to be currently unused).
+    pic->b_progressive = (buf->flags & MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_INTERLACED) == 0;
+    pic->b_top_field_first = (buf->flags & MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_VIDEO_FLAG_TOP_FIELD_FIRST) != 0;
+
+    pic->date = buf->pts != MMAL_TIME_UNKNOWN ? buf->pts :
+        buf->dts != MMAL_TIME_UNKNOWN ? buf->dts :
+            VLC_TICK_INVALID;
+}
+
+MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * hw_mmal_pic_buf_replicated(const picture_t *const pic, MMAL_POOL_T * const rep_pool);
+
+struct vzc_pool_ctl_s;
+typedef struct vzc_pool_ctl_s vzc_pool_ctl_t;
 
 // At the moment we cope with any mono-planar RGBA thing
 // We could cope with many other things but they currently don't occur
 extern const vlc_fourcc_t hw_mmal_vzc_subpicture_chromas[];
 
+bool hw_mmal_vzc_buf_set_format(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf, MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T * const es_fmt);
+MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T * hw_mmal_vzc_buf_region(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf);
+void hw_mmal_vzc_buf_scale_dest_rect(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf, const MMAL_RECT_T * const scale_rect);
+unsigned int hw_mmal_vzc_buf_seq(MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf);
+MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * hw_mmal_vzc_buf_from_pic(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc, picture_t * const pic,
+                                                const MMAL_RECT_T dst_pic_rect,
+                                                const int x_offset, const int y_offset,
+                                                const unsigned int alpha, const bool is_first);
+
+void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_flush(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc);
+void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_release(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc);
+void hw_mmal_vzc_pool_ref(vzc_pool_ctl_t * const pc);
+vzc_pool_ctl_t * hw_mmal_vzc_pool_new(void);
+
+
+bool rpi_is_model_pi4(void);
+
+typedef enum vcsm_init_type_e {
+    VCSM_INIT_NONE = 0,
+    VCSM_INIT_LEGACY,
+} vcsm_init_type_t;
+
+vcsm_init_type_t cma_vcsm_init(void);
+void cma_vcsm_exit(const vcsm_init_type_t init_mode);
+vcsm_init_type_t cma_vcsm_type(void);
+const char * cma_vcsm_init_str(const vcsm_init_type_t init_mode);
+
+
+#define MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_RESIZER "vc.ril.resize"
+#define MMAL_COMPONENT_ISP_RESIZER     "vc.ril.isp"
+#define MMAL_COMPONENT_HVS             "vc.ril.hvs"
+
 #endif
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/subpic.c b/modules/hw/mmal/subpic.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d8662f0294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/subpic.c
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * subpic.c:
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright © 2018-2020 John Cox
+ *
+ * Authors: John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <vlc_common.h>
+#include <vlc_codec.h>
+
+#include <interface/mmal/mmal.h>
+
+#include "mmal_picture.h"
+#include "subpic.h"
+
+
+static bool cmp_rect(const MMAL_RECT_T * const a, const MMAL_RECT_T * const b)
+{
+    return a->x == b->x && a->y == b->y && a->width == b->width && a->height == b->height;
+}
+
+static void hw_mmal_subpic_flush(subpic_reg_stash_t * const sub)
+{
+    if (sub->port != NULL && sub->port->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(sub->port);
+    sub->seq = 0;
+}
+
+void hw_mmal_subpic_close(subpic_reg_stash_t * const spe)
+{
+    hw_mmal_subpic_flush(spe);
+
+    if (spe->pool != NULL)
+        mmal_pool_destroy(spe->pool);
+
+    // Zap to avoid any accidental reuse
+    *spe = (subpic_reg_stash_t){NULL};
+}
+
+MMAL_STATUS_T hw_mmal_subpic_open(vlc_object_t * const obj, subpic_reg_stash_t * const spe, MMAL_PORT_T * const port,
+                                  const int display_id, const unsigned int layer)
+{
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+
+    // Start by zapping all to zero
+    *spe = (subpic_reg_stash_t){NULL};
+
+    if ((err = port_parameter_set_bool(port, MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, true)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        msg_Err(obj, "Failed to set sub port zero copy");
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if ((spe->pool = mmal_pool_create(30, 0)) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(obj, "Failed to create sub pool");
+        return MMAL_ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    port->userdata = (void *)obj;
+    spe->port = port;
+    spe->display_id = display_id;
+    spe->layer = layer;
+
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void conv_subpic_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buf)
+{
+    VLC_UNUSED(port);
+
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);  // Will extract & release pic in pool callback
+}
+
+static MMAL_STATUS_T port_send_replicated(MMAL_PORT_T * const port, MMAL_POOL_T * const rep_pool,
+                                          MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const src_buf,
+                                          const uint64_t seq)
+{
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *const rep_buf = mmal_queue_wait(rep_pool->queue);
+
+    if (rep_buf == NULL)
+        return MMAL_ENOSPC;
+
+    if ((err = mmal_buffer_header_replicate(rep_buf, src_buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        return err;
+
+    rep_buf->pts = seq;
+
+    if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(port, rep_buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        mmal_buffer_header_release(rep_buf);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int hw_mmal_subpic_update(vlc_object_t * const obj,
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const sub_buf,
+    subpic_reg_stash_t * const spe,
+    const video_format_t * const fmt,
+    const MMAL_RECT_T * const scale_out,
+    const uint64_t pts)
+{
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+
+    if (sub_buf == NULL)
+    {
+        if (spe->port->is_enabled && spe->seq != 0)
+        {
+            MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *const buf = mmal_queue_wait(spe->pool->queue);
+
+            if (buf == NULL) {
+                msg_Err(obj, "Buffer get for subpic failed");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            buf->cmd = 0;
+            buf->data = NULL;
+            buf->alloc_size = 0;
+            buf->offset = 0;
+            buf->flags = MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_FRAME_END;
+            buf->pts = pts;
+            buf->dts = MMAL_TIME_UNKNOWN;
+            buf->user_data = NULL;
+
+            if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(spe->port, buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                msg_Err(obj, "Send buffer to subput failed");
+                mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            spe->seq = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const unsigned int seq = hw_mmal_vzc_buf_seq(sub_buf);
+        bool needs_update = (spe->seq != seq);
+
+        hw_mmal_vzc_buf_scale_dest_rect(sub_buf, scale_out);
+
+        if (hw_mmal_vzc_buf_set_format(sub_buf, spe->port->format))
+        {
+            MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T * const dreg = hw_mmal_vzc_buf_region(sub_buf);
+            MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T *const v_fmt = &spe->port->format->es->video;
+
+            v_fmt->frame_rate.den = fmt->i_frame_rate_base;
+            v_fmt->frame_rate.num = fmt->i_frame_rate;
+            v_fmt->par.den        = fmt->i_sar_den;
+            v_fmt->par.num        = fmt->i_sar_num;
+            v_fmt->color_space = MMAL_COLOR_SPACE_UNKNOWN;
+
+            if (needs_update || dreg->alpha != spe->alpha || !cmp_rect(&dreg->dest_rect, &spe->dest_rect)) {
+
+                spe->alpha = dreg->alpha;
+                spe->dest_rect = dreg->dest_rect;
+                needs_update = true;
+
+                if (spe->display_id >= 0)
+                {
+                    dreg->display_num = spe->display_id;
+                    dreg->set |= MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_NUM;
+                }
+                dreg->layer = spe->layer;
+                dreg->set |= MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_LAYER;
+
+                if ((err = mmal_port_parameter_set(spe->port, &dreg->hdr)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    msg_Err(obj, "Set display region on subput failed");
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                if ((err = mmal_port_format_commit(spe->port)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    msg_Dbg(obj, "Subpic commit fail: %d", err);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!spe->port->is_enabled)
+        {
+            spe->port->buffer_num = 30;
+            spe->port->buffer_size = spe->port->buffer_size_recommended;  // Not used but shuts up the error checking
+
+            if ((err = mmal_port_enable(spe->port, conv_subpic_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                msg_Dbg(obj, "Subpic enable fail: %d", err);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (needs_update)
+        {
+            if ((err = port_send_replicated(spe->port, spe->pool, sub_buf, pts)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                msg_Err(obj, "Send buffer to subput failed");
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            spe->seq = seq;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/subpic.h b/modules/hw/mmal/subpic.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b33475b4b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/subpic.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * subpic.h:
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright © 2018-2020 John Cox
+ *
+ * Authors: John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef VLC_HW_MMAL_SUBPIC_H_
+#define VLC_HW_MMAL_SUBPIC_H_
+
+typedef struct subpic_reg_stash_s
+{
+    MMAL_PORT_T * port;
+    MMAL_POOL_T * pool;
+    int display_id;  // -1 => do not set
+    unsigned int layer;
+    // Shadow  vars so we can tell if stuff has changed
+    MMAL_RECT_T dest_rect;
+    unsigned int alpha;
+    unsigned int seq;
+} subpic_reg_stash_t;
+
+int hw_mmal_subpic_update(vlc_object_t * const p_filter,
+                          MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const sub_buf,
+                          subpic_reg_stash_t * const spe,
+                          const video_format_t * const fmt,
+                          const MMAL_RECT_T * const scale_out,
+                          const uint64_t pts);
+
+void hw_mmal_subpic_close(subpic_reg_stash_t * const spe);
+
+// If display id is -1 it will be unset
+MMAL_STATUS_T hw_mmal_subpic_open(vlc_object_t * const, subpic_reg_stash_t * const spe, MMAL_PORT_T * const port,
+                                  const int display_id, const unsigned int layer);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/modules/hw/mmal/vout.c b/modules/hw/mmal/vout.c
index fff8031d6ea..78f2dbbeb5d 100644
--- a/modules/hw/mmal/vout.c
+++ b/modules/hw/mmal/vout.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  *
  * Authors: Dennis Hamester <dennis.hamester at gmail.com>
  *          Julian Scheel <julian at jusst.de>
+ *          John Cox <jc at kynesim.co.uk>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -25,12 +26,8 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdatomic.h>
-
 #include <vlc_common.h>
 #include <vlc_plugin.h>
-#include <vlc_threads.h>
 #include <vlc_vout_display.h>
 
 #include "mmal_picture.h"
@@ -39,8 +36,8 @@
 #include <interface/mmal/mmal.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_util.h>
 #include <interface/mmal/util/mmal_default_components.h>
-#include <interface/vmcs_host/vc_tvservice.h>
-#include <interface/vmcs_host/vc_dispmanx.h>
+
+#include "subpic.h"
 
 #define MAX_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT 1
 #define VC_TV_MAX_MODE_IDS 127
@@ -49,10 +46,12 @@
 #define MMAL_LAYER_TEXT N_("VideoCore layer where the video is displayed.")
 #define MMAL_LAYER_LONGTEXT N_("VideoCore layer where the video is displayed. Subpictures are displayed directly above and a black background directly below.")
 
-#define MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_NAME "mmal-blank-background"
-#define MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_TEXT N_("Blank screen below video.")
-#define MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_LONGTEXT N_("Render blank screen below video. " \
-        "Increases VideoCore load.")
+#define MMAL_DISPLAY_NAME "mmal-display"
+#define MMAL_DISPLAY_TEXT N_("Output device for Rpi fullscreen.")
+#define MMAL_DISPLAY_LONGTEXT N_("Output device for Rpi fullscreen. " \
+"Valid values are HDMI-1,HDMI-2.  By default if qt-fullscreen-screennumber " \
+"is specified (or set by Fullscreen Output Device in Preferences) " \
+"HDMI-<qt-fullscreen-screennumber+1> will be used, otherwise HDMI-1.")
 
 #define MMAL_ADJUST_REFRESHRATE_NAME "mmal-adjust-refreshrate"
 #define MMAL_ADJUST_REFRESHRATE_TEXT N_("Adjust HDMI refresh rate to the video.")
@@ -69,61 +68,50 @@
 
 static int OpenMmalVout(vout_display_t *, const vout_display_cfg_t *,
                 video_format_t *, vlc_video_context *);
-static void CloseMmalVout(vout_display_t *);
+
+#define SUBS_MAX 4
+
 
 vlc_module_begin()
     set_shortname(N_("MMAL vout"))
     set_description(N_("MMAL-based vout plugin for Raspberry Pi"))
     add_shortcut("mmal_vout")
+    set_category( CAT_VIDEO )
+    set_subcategory( SUBCAT_VIDEO_VOUT )
+
     add_integer(MMAL_LAYER_NAME, 1, MMAL_LAYER_TEXT, MMAL_LAYER_LONGTEXT, false)
-    add_bool(MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_NAME, true, MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_TEXT,
-                    MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_LONGTEXT, true);
     add_bool(MMAL_ADJUST_REFRESHRATE_NAME, false, MMAL_ADJUST_REFRESHRATE_TEXT,
                     MMAL_ADJUST_REFRESHRATE_LONGTEXT, false)
     add_bool(MMAL_NATIVE_INTERLACED, false, MMAL_NATIVE_INTERLACE_TEXT,
                     MMAL_NATIVE_INTERLACE_LONGTEXT, false)
-    set_callback_display(OpenMmalVout, 90)
+    add_string(MMAL_DISPLAY_NAME, "auto", MMAL_DISPLAY_TEXT,
+                    MMAL_DISPLAY_LONGTEXT, false)
+    set_callback_display(OpenMmalVout, 16)  // 1 point better than ASCII art
 vlc_module_end()
 
-struct dmx_region_t {
-    struct dmx_region_t *next;
-    picture_t *picture;
-    VC_RECT_T bmp_rect;
-    VC_RECT_T src_rect;
-    VC_RECT_T dst_rect;
-    VC_DISPMANX_ALPHA_T alpha;
-    DISPMANX_ELEMENT_HANDLE_T element;
-    DISPMANX_RESOURCE_HANDLE_T resource;
-    int32_t pos_x;
-    int32_t pos_y;
-};
+typedef struct vout_subpic_s {
+    MMAL_COMPONENT_T *component;
+    subpic_reg_stash_t sub;
+} vout_subpic_t;
 
 struct vout_display_sys_t {
-    vlc_cond_t buffer_cond;
-    vlc_mutex_t buffer_mutex;
     vlc_mutex_t manage_mutex;
 
-    plane_t planes[3]; /* Depending on video format up to 3 planes are used */
-    picture_t **pictures; /* Actual list of alloced pictures passed into picture_pool */
-    picture_pool_t *picture_pool;
-    vout_display_cfg_t last_cfg;
-
+    vcsm_init_type_t init_type;
     MMAL_COMPONENT_T *component;
     MMAL_PORT_T *input;
     MMAL_POOL_T *pool; /* mmal buffer headers, used for pushing pictures to component*/
-    struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region;
     int i_planes; /* Number of actually used planes, 1 for opaque, 3 for i420 */
 
-    uint32_t buffer_size; /* size of actual mmal buffers */
     int buffers_in_transit; /* number of buffers currently pushed to mmal component */
     unsigned num_buffers; /* number of buffers allocated at mmal port */
 
-    DISPMANX_DISPLAY_HANDLE_T dmx_handle;
-    DISPMANX_ELEMENT_HANDLE_T bkg_element;
-    DISPMANX_RESOURCE_HANDLE_T bkg_resource;
+    int display_id;
     unsigned display_width;
     unsigned display_height;
 
+    MMAL_RECT_T dest_rect;      // Output rectangle in display coords
+
     unsigned int i_frame_rate_base; /* cached framerate to detect changes for rate adjustment */
     unsigned int i_frame_rate;
 
@@ -136,261 +124,436 @@ struct vout_display_sys_t {
     bool native_interlaced;
     bool b_top_field_first; /* cached interlaced settings to detect changes for native mode */
     bool b_progressive;
-    bool opaque; /* indicated use of opaque picture format (zerocopy) */
-
-    subpicture_t *prepare_subpicture;
+    bool force_config;
+
+    vout_subpic_t subs[SUBS_MAX];
+    // Stash for subpics derived from the passed subpicture rather than
+    // included with the main pic
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * subpic_bufs[SUBS_MAX];
+
+    picture_pool_t * pic_pool;
+
+    struct vout_isp_conf_s {
+        MMAL_COMPONENT_T *component;
+        MMAL_PORT_T * input;
+        MMAL_PORT_T * output;
+        MMAL_QUEUE_T * out_q;
+        MMAL_POOL_T * in_pool;
+        MMAL_POOL_T * out_pool;
+        bool pending;
+    } isp;
+
+    MMAL_POOL_T * copy_pool;
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * copy_buf;
+
+    // Subpic blend if we have to do it here
+    vzc_pool_ctl_t * vzc;
 };
 
-/* Utility functions */
-static inline uint32_t align(uint32_t x, uint32_t y);
-static void configure_display(vout_display_t *vd, const vout_display_cfg_t *cfg,
-                const video_format_t *fmt);
 
-/* VLC vout display callbacks */
-static picture_pool_t *vd_pool(vout_display_t *vd, unsigned count);
-static void vd_prepare(vout_display_t *vd, picture_t *picture,
-                       subpicture_t *subpicture, vlc_tick_t date);
-static void vd_display(vout_display_t *vd, picture_t *picture);
-static int vd_control(vout_display_t *vd, int query, va_list args);
-static void vd_manage(vout_display_t *vd);
+// ISP setup
 
-/* MMAL callbacks */
-static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
-static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer);
+static bool want_copy(const vout_display_t * const vd)
+{
+    return (vd->fmt.i_chroma == VLC_CODEC_I420 || vd->fmt.i_chroma == VLC_CODEC_I420_10L);
+}
 
-/* TV service */
-static int query_resolution(vout_display_t *vd, unsigned *width, unsigned *height);
-static void tvservice_cb(void *callback_data, uint32_t reason, uint32_t param1,
-                uint32_t param2);
-static void adjust_refresh_rate(vout_display_t *vd, const video_format_t *fmt);
-static int set_latency_target(vout_display_t *vd, bool enable);
+static vlc_fourcc_t req_chroma(const vout_display_t * const vd)
+{
+    return !hw_mmal_chroma_is_mmal(vd->fmt.i_chroma) && !want_copy(vd) ?
+        VLC_CODEC_I420 :
+        vd->fmt.i_chroma;
+}
 
-/* DispManX */
-static void display_subpicture(vout_display_t *vd, subpicture_t *subpicture);
-static void close_dmx(vout_display_t *vd);
-static struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region_new(vout_display_t *vd,
-                DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update, subpicture_region_t *region);
-static void dmx_region_update(struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region,
-                DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update, picture_t *picture);
-static void dmx_region_delete(struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region,
-                DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update);
-static void show_background(vout_display_t *vd, bool enable);
-static void maintain_phase_sync(vout_display_t *vd);
+static MMAL_FOURCC_T vout_vlc_to_mmal_pic_fourcc(const unsigned int fcc)
+{
+    switch (fcc){
+    case VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE:
+        return MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return MMAL_ENCODING_I420;
+}
 
-static int OpenMmalVout(vout_display_t *vd, const vout_display_cfg_t *cfg,
-                video_format_t *fmt, vlc_video_context *context)
+static void display_set_format(const vout_display_t * const vd, MMAL_ES_FORMAT_T *const es_fmt, const bool is_intermediate)
 {
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys;
-    uint32_t buffer_pitch, buffer_height;
-    vout_display_place_t place;
-    MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T display_region;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
-    int ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
-    int i;
+    const unsigned int w = is_intermediate ? vd->fmt.i_visible_width  : vd->fmt.i_width ;
+    const unsigned int h = is_intermediate ? vd->fmt.i_visible_height : vd->fmt.i_height;
+    MMAL_VIDEO_FORMAT_T * const v_fmt = &es_fmt->es->video;
+
+    es_fmt->type = MMAL_ES_TYPE_VIDEO;
+    es_fmt->encoding = is_intermediate ? MMAL_ENCODING_I420 : vout_vlc_to_mmal_pic_fourcc(vd->fmt.i_chroma);
+    es_fmt->encoding_variant = 0;
+
+    v_fmt->width  = (w + 31) & ~31;
+    v_fmt->height = (h + 15) & ~15;
+    v_fmt->crop.x = 0;
+    v_fmt->crop.y = 0;
+    v_fmt->crop.width = w;
+    v_fmt->crop.height = h;
+    if (vd->fmt.i_sar_num == 0 || vd->fmt.i_sar_den == 0) {
+        v_fmt->par.num        = 1;
+        v_fmt->par.den        = 1;
+    } else {
+        v_fmt->par.num        = vd->fmt.i_sar_num;
+        v_fmt->par.den        = vd->fmt.i_sar_den;
+    }
+    v_fmt->frame_rate.num = vd->fmt.i_frame_rate;
+    v_fmt->frame_rate.den = vd->fmt.i_frame_rate_base;
+    v_fmt->color_space    = vlc_to_mmal_color_space(vd->fmt.space);
+}
 
-    if (vout_display_cfg_IsWindowed(cfg))
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+static void display_src_rect(const vout_display_t * const vd, MMAL_RECT_T *const rect)
+{
+    const bool wants_isp = false;
+    rect->x = wants_isp ? 0 : vd->fmt.i_x_offset;
+    rect->y = wants_isp ? 0 : vd->fmt.i_y_offset;
+    rect->width = vd->fmt.i_visible_width;
+    rect->height = vd->fmt.i_visible_height;
+}
 
-    sys = calloc(1, sizeof(struct vout_display_sys_t));
-    if (!sys)
-        return VLC_ENOMEM;
-    vd->sys = sys;
+static void isp_input_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buf)
+{
+    VLC_UNUSED(port);
 
-    sys->layer = var_InheritInteger(vd, MMAL_LAYER_NAME);
-    bcm_host_init();
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+}
 
-    sys->opaque = fmt->i_chroma == VLC_CODEC_MMAL_OPAQUE;
+static void isp_control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+{
+    vout_display_t *vd = (vout_display_t *)port->userdata;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
-    status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_RENDERER, &sys->component);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_RENDERER, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
+        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
+        msg_Err(vd, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
     }
 
-    sys->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)vd;
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->component->control, control_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable control port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->component->control->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
-    }
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+}
 
-    sys->input = sys->component->input[0];
-    sys->input->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)vd;
+static void isp_output_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buf)
+{
+    if (buf->cmd == 0 && buf->length != 0)
+    {
+        // The filter structure etc. should always exist if we have contents
+        // but might not on later flushes as we shut down
+        vout_display_t * const vd = (vout_display_t *)port->userdata;
+        struct vout_isp_conf_s *const isp = &vd->sys->isp;
 
-    if (sys->opaque) {
-        sys->input->format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_OPAQUE;
-        sys->i_planes = 1;
-        sys->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
-    } else {
-        sys->input->format->encoding = MMAL_ENCODING_I420;
-        fmt->i_chroma = VLC_CODEC_I420;
-        buffer_pitch = align(fmt->i_width, 32);
-        buffer_height = align(fmt->i_height, 16);
-        sys->i_planes = 3;
-        sys->buffer_size = 3 * buffer_pitch * buffer_height / 2;
+        mmal_queue_put(isp->out_q, buf);
     }
+    else
+    {
+        mmal_buffer_header_reset(buf);
+        mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+    }
+}
 
-    sys->input->format->es->video.width = fmt->i_width;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.height = fmt->i_height;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.x = 0;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.y = 0;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.width = fmt->i_width;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.crop.height = fmt->i_height;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.par.num = vd->source.i_sar_num;
-    sys->input->format->es->video.par.den = vd->source.i_sar_den;
-    sys->last_cfg = *cfg;
+static void isp_empty_out_q(struct vout_isp_conf_s * const isp)
+{
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * buf;
+    // We can be called as part of error recovery so allow for missing Q
+    if (isp->out_q == NULL)
+        return;
 
-    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    while ((buf = mmal_queue_get(isp->out_q)) != NULL)
+        mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+}
+
+static void isp_flush(struct vout_isp_conf_s * const isp)
+{
+    if (!isp->input->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(isp->input);
+
+    if (isp->output->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(isp->output);
+
+    isp_empty_out_q(isp);
+    isp->pending = false;
+}
+
+static MMAL_STATUS_T isp_prepare(vout_display_t * const vd, struct vout_isp_conf_s * const isp)
+{
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * buf;
+
+    if (!isp->output->is_enabled) {
+        if ((err = mmal_port_enable(isp->output, isp_output_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(vd, "ISP output port enable failed");
+            return err;
+        }
     }
-    sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
 
-    vout_display_PlacePicture(&place, &vd->source, cfg);
-    display_region.hdr.id = MMAL_PARAMETER_DISPLAYREGION;
-    display_region.hdr.size = sizeof(MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T);
-    display_region.fullscreen = MMAL_FALSE;
-    display_region.src_rect.x = fmt->i_x_offset;
-    display_region.src_rect.y = fmt->i_y_offset;
-    display_region.src_rect.width = fmt->i_visible_width;
-    display_region.src_rect.height = fmt->i_visible_height;
-    display_region.dest_rect.x = place.x;
-    display_region.dest_rect.y = place.y;
-    display_region.dest_rect.width = place.width;
-    display_region.dest_rect.height = place.height;
-    display_region.layer = sys->layer;
-    display_region.set = MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_FULLSCREEN | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_SRC_RECT |
-            MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_DEST_RECT | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_LAYER;
-    status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->input, &display_region.hdr);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set display region (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
-        goto out;
+    while ((buf = mmal_queue_get(isp->out_pool->queue)) != NULL) {
+        if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(isp->output, buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(vd, "ISP output port stuff failed");
+            return err;
+        }
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < sys->i_planes; ++i) {
-        sys->planes[i].i_lines = buffer_height;
-        sys->planes[i].i_pitch = buffer_pitch;
-        sys->planes[i].i_visible_lines = fmt->i_visible_height;
-        sys->planes[i].i_visible_pitch = fmt->i_visible_width;
-
-        if (i > 0) {
-            sys->planes[i].i_lines /= 2;
-            sys->planes[i].i_pitch /= 2;
-            sys->planes[i].i_visible_lines /= 2;
-            sys->planes[i].i_visible_pitch /= 2;
+    if (!isp->input->is_enabled) {
+        if ((err = mmal_port_enable(isp->input, isp_input_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Err(vd, "ISP input port enable failed");
+            return err;
         }
     }
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
+}
 
-    vlc_mutex_init(&sys->buffer_mutex);
-    vlc_cond_init(&sys->buffer_cond);
-    vlc_mutex_init(&sys->manage_mutex);
+static void isp_close(vout_display_t * const vd, vout_display_sys_t * const vd_sys)
+{
+    struct vout_isp_conf_s * const isp = &vd_sys->isp;
+    VLC_UNUSED(vd);
 
-    vd->pool = vd_pool;
-    vd->prepare = vd_prepare;
-    vd->display = vd_display;
-    vd->control = vd_control;
-    vd->close = CloseMmalVout;
+    if (isp->component == NULL)
+        return;
 
-    vc_tv_register_callback(tvservice_cb, vd);
+    isp_flush(isp);
 
-    if (query_resolution(vd, &sys->display_width, &sys->display_height) >= 0) {
-        vout_window_ReportSize(cfg->window,
-                               sys->display_width, sys->display_height);
-    } else {
-        sys->display_width = cfg->display.width;
-        sys->display_height = cfg->display.height;
+    if (isp->component->control->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(isp->component->control);
+
+    if (isp->out_q != NULL) {
+        // 1st junk anything lying around
+        isp_empty_out_q(isp);
+
+        mmal_queue_destroy(isp->out_q);
+        isp->out_q = NULL;
     }
 
-    sys->dmx_handle = vc_dispmanx_display_open(0);
-    vd->info.subpicture_chromas = hw_mmal_vzc_subpicture_chromas;
+    if (isp->out_pool != NULL) {
+        mmal_port_pool_destroy(isp->output, isp->out_pool);
+        isp->out_pool = NULL;
+    }
 
-out:
-    if (ret != VLC_SUCCESS)
-        CloseMmalVout(vd);
+    isp->input = NULL;
+    isp->output = NULL;
 
-    (void) context;
-    return ret;
+    mmal_component_release(isp->component);
+    isp->component = NULL;
+
+    return;
 }
 
-static void CloseMmalVout(vout_display_t *vd)
+// Restuff into output rather than return to pool is we can
+static MMAL_BOOL_T isp_out_pool_cb(MMAL_POOL_T *pool, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer, void *userdata)
 {
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    char response[20]; /* answer is hvs_update_fields=%1d */
-    unsigned i;
+    struct vout_isp_conf_s * const isp = userdata;
+    VLC_UNUSED(pool);
+    if (isp->output->is_enabled) {
+        mmal_buffer_header_reset(buffer);
+        if (mmal_port_send_buffer(isp->output, buffer) == MMAL_SUCCESS)
+            return MMAL_FALSE;
+    }
+    return MMAL_TRUE;
+}
 
-    vc_tv_unregister_callback_full(tvservice_cb, vd);
+static MMAL_STATUS_T isp_setup(vout_display_t * const vd, vout_display_sys_t * const vd_sys)
+{
+    struct vout_isp_conf_s * const isp = &vd_sys->isp;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
 
-    if (sys->dmx_handle)
-        close_dmx(vd);
+    if ((err = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_ISP_RESIZER, &isp->component)) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Cannot create ISP component");
+        return err;
+    }
+    isp->input = isp->component->input[0];
+    isp->output = isp->component->output[0];
 
-    if (sys->component && sys->component->control->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->component->control);
+    isp->component->control->userdata = (void *)vd;
+    if ((err = mmal_port_enable(isp->component->control, isp_control_port_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable ISP control port");
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
-    if (sys->input && sys->input->is_enabled)
-        mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+    isp->input->userdata = (void *)vd;
+    display_set_format(vd, isp->input->format, false);
 
-    if (sys->component && sys->component->is_enabled)
-        mmal_component_disable(sys->component);
+    if ((err = port_parameter_set_bool(isp->input, MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, true)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        goto fail;
 
-    if (sys->pool)
-        mmal_port_pool_destroy(sys->input, sys->pool);
+    if ((err = mmal_port_format_commit(isp->input)) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set ISP input format");
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
-    if (sys->component)
-        mmal_component_release(sys->component);
+    isp->input->buffer_size = isp->input->buffer_size_recommended;
+    isp->input->buffer_num = 30;
 
-    if (sys->picture_pool)
-        picture_pool_Release(sys->picture_pool);
-    else
-        for (i = 0; i < sys->num_buffers; ++i)
-            if (sys->pictures[i]) {
-                picture_sys_t *p_sys = sys->pictures[i]->p_sys;
-                mmal_buffer_header_release(p_sys->buffer);
-                picture_Release(sys->pictures[i]);
-            }
+    if ((isp->in_pool = mmal_pool_create(isp->input->buffer_num, 0)) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create input pool");
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
-    vlc_mutex_destroy(&sys->buffer_mutex);
-    vlc_cond_destroy(&sys->buffer_cond);
-    vlc_mutex_destroy(&sys->manage_mutex);
+    if ((isp->out_q = mmal_queue_create()) == NULL)
+    {
+        err = MMAL_ENOMEM;
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
-    if (sys->native_interlaced) {
-        if (vc_gencmd(response, sizeof(response), "hvs_update_fields 0") < 0 ||
-                response[18] != '0')
-            msg_Warn(vd, "Could not reset hvs field mode");
+    display_set_format(vd, isp->output->format, true);
+
+    if ((err = port_parameter_set_bool(isp->output, MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, true)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        goto fail;
+
+    if ((err = mmal_port_format_commit(isp->output)) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set ISP input format");
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    free(sys->pictures);
-    free(sys);
+    isp->output->buffer_size = isp->output->buffer_size_recommended;
+    isp->output->buffer_num = 2;
+    isp->output->userdata = (void *)vd;
+
+    if ((isp->out_pool = mmal_port_pool_create(isp->output, isp->output->buffer_num, isp->output->buffer_size)) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to make ISP port pool");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    mmal_pool_callback_set(isp->out_pool, isp_out_pool_cb, isp);
+
+    if ((err = isp_prepare(vd, isp)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        goto fail;
+
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
 
-    bcm_host_deinit();
+fail:
+    isp_close(vd, vd_sys);
+    return err;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t align(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
-    uint32_t mod = x % y;
-    if (mod == 0)
-        return x;
+static MMAL_STATUS_T isp_check(vout_display_t * const vd, vout_display_sys_t * const vd_sys)
+{
+    struct vout_isp_conf_s *const isp = &vd_sys->isp;
+    const bool has_isp = (isp->component != NULL);
+    const bool wants_isp = false;
+
+    if (has_isp == wants_isp)
+    {
+        // All OK - do nothing
+    }
+    else if (has_isp)
+    {
+        // ISP active but we don't want it
+        isp_flush(isp);
+
+        // Check we have everything back and then kill it
+        if (mmal_queue_length(isp->out_pool->queue) == isp->output->buffer_num)
+            isp_close(vd, vd_sys);
+    }
     else
-        return x + y - mod;
+    {
+        // ISP closed but we want it
+        return isp_setup(vd, vd_sys);
+    }
+
+    return MMAL_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static void configure_display(vout_display_t *vd,
-                              const vout_display_cfg_t *cfg,
-                              const video_format_t *fmt)
+/* TV service */
+static void tvservice_cb(void *callback_data, uint32_t reason, uint32_t param1,
+                uint32_t param2);
+static void adjust_refresh_rate(vout_display_t *vd, const video_format_t *fmt);
+static int set_latency_target(vout_display_t *vd, bool enable);
+
+// Mmal
+static void maintain_phase_sync(vout_display_t *vd);
+
+
+
+static void vd_input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buf)
 {
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
+    VLC_UNUSED(port);
+
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+}
+
+static int query_resolution(vout_display_t *vd, const int display_id, unsigned *width, unsigned *height)
+{
+    TV_DISPLAY_STATE_T display_state = {0};
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    if (vc_tv_get_display_state_id(display_id, &display_state) == 0) {
+        msg_Dbg(vd, "State=%#x", display_state.state);
+        if (display_state.state & 0xFF) {
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "HDMI: %dx%d", display_state.display.hdmi.width, display_state.display.hdmi.height);
+            *width = display_state.display.hdmi.width;
+            *height = display_state.display.hdmi.height;
+        } else if (display_state.state & 0xFF00) {
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "SDTV: %dx%d", display_state.display.sdtv.width, display_state.display.sdtv.height);
+            *width = display_state.display.sdtv.width;
+            *height = display_state.display.sdtv.height;
+        } else {
+            msg_Warn(vd, "Invalid display state %"PRIx32, display_state.state);
+            ret = -1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        msg_Warn(vd, "Failed to query display resolution");
+        ret = -1;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static MMAL_RECT_T
+place_to_mmal_rect(const vout_display_place_t place)
+{
+    return (MMAL_RECT_T){
+        .x      = place.x,
+        .y      = place.y,
+        .width  = place.width,
+        .height = place.height
+    };
+}
+
+static void
+place_dest(vout_display_t *vd, vout_display_sys_t * const sys,
+           const vout_display_cfg_t * const cfg, const video_format_t * fmt)
+{
+    video_format_t tfmt;
+
+    // Fix SAR if unknown
+    if (fmt->i_sar_den == 0 || fmt->i_sar_num == 0) {
+        tfmt = *fmt;
+        tfmt.i_sar_den = 1;
+        tfmt.i_sar_num = 1;
+        fmt = &tfmt;
+    }
+
+    // Ignore what VLC thinks might be going on with display size
+    vout_display_cfg_t tcfg = *cfg;
     vout_display_place_t place;
+    tcfg.display.width = sys->display_width;
+    tcfg.display.height = sys->display_height;
+    tcfg.is_display_filled = true;
+    vout_display_PlacePicture(&place, fmt, &tcfg);
+
+    sys->dest_rect = place_to_mmal_rect(place);
+}
+
+
+
+static int configure_display(vout_display_t *vd, const vout_display_cfg_t *cfg,
+                const video_format_t *fmt)
+{
+    vout_display_sys_t * const sys = vd->sys;
     MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T display_region;
     MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
-    assert(cfg != NULL || fmt != NULL);
+    if (!cfg && !fmt)
+    {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Missing cfg & fmt");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    isp_check(vd, sys);
 
     if (fmt) {
         sys->input->format->es->video.par.num = fmt->i_sar_num;
@@ -400,257 +563,177 @@ static void configure_display(vout_display_t *vd,
         if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
             msg_Err(vd, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
                             sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-            return;
+            return -EINVAL;
         }
     } else {
         fmt = &vd->source;
     }
 
     if (!cfg)
-        cfg = &sys->last_cfg;
+        cfg = vd->cfg;
 
-    vout_display_PlacePicture(&place, fmt, cfg);
+    place_dest(vd, sys, cfg, fmt);
 
     display_region.hdr.id = MMAL_PARAMETER_DISPLAYREGION;
     display_region.hdr.size = sizeof(MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T);
     display_region.fullscreen = MMAL_FALSE;
-    display_region.src_rect.x = fmt->i_x_offset;
-    display_region.src_rect.y = fmt->i_y_offset;
-    display_region.src_rect.width = fmt->i_visible_width;
-    display_region.src_rect.height = fmt->i_visible_height;
-    display_region.dest_rect.x = place.x;
-    display_region.dest_rect.y = place.y;
-    display_region.dest_rect.width = place.width;
-    display_region.dest_rect.height = place.height;
+    display_src_rect(vd, &display_region.src_rect);
+    display_region.dest_rect = sys->dest_rect;
     display_region.layer = sys->layer;
+    display_region.alpha = 0xff | (1 << 29);
     display_region.set = MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_FULLSCREEN | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_SRC_RECT |
-            MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_DEST_RECT | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_LAYER;
+            MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_DEST_RECT | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_LAYER | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_ALPHA;
     status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->input, &display_region.hdr);
     if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
         msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set display region (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
                         status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        return;
+        return -EINVAL;
     }
 
-    show_background(vd, var_InheritBool(vd, MMAL_BLANK_BACKGROUND_NAME));
     sys->adjust_refresh_rate = var_InheritBool(vd, MMAL_ADJUST_REFRESHRATE_NAME);
     sys->native_interlaced = var_InheritBool(vd, MMAL_NATIVE_INTERLACED);
     if (sys->adjust_refresh_rate) {
         adjust_refresh_rate(vd, fmt);
         set_latency_target(vd, true);
     }
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
-static void pic_destroy(picture_t *pic)
+static void kill_pool(vout_display_sys_t * const sys)
 {
-    free(pic->p_sys);
+    if (sys->pic_pool != NULL) {
+        picture_pool_Release(sys->pic_pool);
+        sys->pic_pool = NULL;
+    }
 }
 
-static picture_pool_t *vd_pool(vout_display_t *vd, unsigned count)
+static void vd_display(vout_display_t *vd, picture_t *p_pic)
 {
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    picture_resource_t picture_res;
-    picture_pool_configuration_t picture_pool_cfg;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
-    unsigned i;
+    vout_display_sys_t * const sys = vd->sys;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
 
-    if (sys->picture_pool) {
-        if (sys->num_buffers < count)
-            msg_Warn(vd, "Picture pool with %u pictures requested, but we already have one with %u pictures",
-                            count, sys->num_buffers);
-
-        goto out;
+    if (!sys->input->is_enabled &&
+        (err = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, vd_input_port_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Input port enable failed");
+        goto fail;
     }
-
-    if (sys->opaque) {
-        if (count <= NUM_ACTUAL_OPAQUE_BUFFERS)
-            count = NUM_ACTUAL_OPAQUE_BUFFERS;
-
-        MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T zero_copy = {
-            { MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, sizeof(MMAL_PARAMETER_BOOLEAN_T) },
-            1
-        };
-
-        status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->input, &zero_copy.hdr);
-        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-           msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                    sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-           goto out;
+    // Stuff into input
+    // We assume the BH is already set up with values reflecting pic date etc.
+    if (sys->copy_buf != NULL) {
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *const buf = sys->copy_buf;
+        sys->copy_buf = NULL;
+        if (mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, buf) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+            msg_Err(vd, "Send copy buffer to render input failed");
+            goto fail;
         }
     }
-
-    if (count < sys->input->buffer_num_recommended)
-        count = sys->input->buffer_num_recommended;
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    msg_Dbg(vd, "Creating picture pool with %u pictures", count);
-#endif
-
-    sys->input->buffer_num = count;
-    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, input_port_cb);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    status = mmal_component_enable(sys->component);
-    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
-                        sys->component->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    sys->num_buffers = count;
-    sys->pool = mmal_port_pool_create(sys->input, sys->num_buffers,
-            sys->input->buffer_size);
-    if (!sys->pool) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create MMAL pool for %u buffers of size %"PRIu32,
-                        count, sys->input->buffer_size);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    memset(&picture_res, 0, sizeof(picture_resource_t));
-    picture_res.pf_destroy = pic_destroy;
-
-    sys->pictures = calloc(sys->num_buffers, sizeof(picture_t *));
-    for (i = 0; i < sys->num_buffers; ++i) {
-        picture_sys_t *p_sys = picture_res.p_sys = calloc(1, sizeof(picture_sys_t));
-        if (unlikely(p_sys==NULL)) {
-            goto out;
+    else if (sys->isp.pending) {
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *const buf = mmal_queue_wait(sys->isp.out_q);
+        sys->isp.pending = false;
+        if (mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, buf) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(buf);
+            msg_Err(vd, "Send ISP buffer to render input failed");
+            goto fail;
         }
-        p_sys->owner = (vlc_object_t *)vd;
-        p_sys->buffer = mmal_queue_get(sys->pool->queue);
-
-        sys->pictures[i] = picture_NewFromResource(&vd->fmt, &picture_res);
-        if (!sys->pictures[i]) {
-            msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create picture");
-            free(picture_res.p_sys);
-            goto out;
-        }
-
-        sys->pictures[i]->i_planes = sys->i_planes;
-        memcpy(sys->pictures[i]->p, sys->planes, sys->i_planes * sizeof(plane_t));
-    }
-
-    memset(&picture_pool_cfg, 0, sizeof(picture_pool_configuration_t));
-    picture_pool_cfg.picture_count = sys->num_buffers;
-    picture_pool_cfg.picture = sys->pictures;
-    picture_pool_cfg.lock = mmal_picture_lock;
-
-    sys->picture_pool = picture_pool_NewExtended(&picture_pool_cfg);
-    if (!sys->picture_pool) {
-        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create picture pool");
-        goto out;
     }
-
-out:
-    if (!sys->picture_pool)
+    else
     {
-        while(i-- != 0)
-            picture_Release(sys->pictures[i]);
-        free(sys->pictures);
-        sys->pictures = NULL;
-    }
-    return sys->picture_pool;
-}
-
-static void vd_prepare(vout_display_t *vd, picture_t *picture,
-                       subpicture_t *subpicture, vlc_tick_t date)
-{
-    vd_manage(vd);
-    VLC_UNUSED(date);
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    picture_sys_t *pic_sys = picture->p_sys;
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *const pic_buf = hw_mmal_pic_buf_replicated(p_pic, sys->pool);
+        if (pic_buf == NULL)
+        {
+            msg_Err(vd, "Replicated buffer get fail");
+            goto fail;
+        }
 
-    if (!sys->adjust_refresh_rate || pic_sys->displayed)
-        return;
 
-    /* Apply the required phase_offset to the picture, so that vd_display()
-     * will be called at the corrected time from the core */
-    picture->date += sys->phase_offset;
-    /* trick for now as we don't get the subpicture during display anymore */
-    sys->prepare_subpicture = subpicture;
-}
+        // If dimensions have chnaged then fix that
+        if (hw_mmal_vlc_pic_to_mmal_fmt_update(sys->input->format, p_pic))
+        {
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "Reset port format");
 
-static void vd_display(vout_display_t *vd, picture_t *picture)
-{
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    picture_sys_t *pic_sys = picture->p_sys;
-    MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer = pic_sys->buffer;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+            // HVS can deal with on-line dimension changes
+            if (mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+                msg_Warn(vd, "Input format commit failed");
+        }
 
-    if (picture->format.i_frame_rate != sys->i_frame_rate ||
-        picture->format.i_frame_rate_base != sys->i_frame_rate_base ||
-        picture->b_progressive != sys->b_progressive ||
-        picture->b_top_field_first != sys->b_top_field_first) {
-        sys->b_top_field_first = picture->b_top_field_first;
-        sys->b_progressive = picture->b_progressive;
-        sys->i_frame_rate = picture->format.i_frame_rate;
-        sys->i_frame_rate_base = picture->format.i_frame_rate_base;
-        configure_display(vd, NULL, &picture->format);
+        if ((err = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, pic_buf)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(pic_buf);
+            msg_Err(vd, "Send buffer to input failed");
+            goto fail;
+        }
     }
 
-    if (!pic_sys->displayed || !sys->opaque) {
-        buffer->cmd = 0;
-        buffer->length = sys->input->buffer_size;
-        buffer->user_data = picture_Hold(picture);
-
-        status = mmal_port_send_buffer(sys->input, buffer);
-        if (status == MMAL_SUCCESS)
-            atomic_fetch_add(&sys->buffers_in_transit, 1);
-
-        if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
-            msg_Err(vd, "Failed to send buffer to input port. Frame dropped");
-            picture_Release(picture);
+    {
+        unsigned int sub_no = 0;
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T **psub_bufs2 = sys->subpic_bufs;
+        const bool is_mmal_pic = hw_mmal_chroma_is_mmal(p_pic->format.i_chroma);
+
+        for (sub_no = 0; sub_no != SUBS_MAX; ++sub_no) {
+            int rv;
+            MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const sub_buf = !is_mmal_pic ? NULL :
+                hw_mmal_pic_sub_buf_get(p_pic, sub_no);
+
+            if ((rv = hw_mmal_subpic_update(VLC_OBJECT(vd),
+                                            sub_buf != NULL ? sub_buf : *psub_bufs2++,
+                                            &sys->subs[sub_no].sub,
+                                            &p_pic->format,
+                                            &sys->dest_rect,
+                                            p_pic->date)) == 0)
+                break;
+            else if (rv < 0)
+                goto fail;
         }
-
-        pic_sys->displayed = true;
     }
 
-    display_subpicture(vd, sys->prepare_subpicture);
+fail:
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != SUBS_MAX && sys->subpic_bufs[i] != NULL; ++i) {
+        mmal_buffer_header_release(sys->subpic_bufs[i]);
+        sys->subpic_bufs[i] = NULL;
+    }
 
     if (sys->next_phase_check == 0 && sys->adjust_refresh_rate)
         maintain_phase_sync(vd);
     sys->next_phase_check = (sys->next_phase_check + 1) % PHASE_CHECK_INTERVAL;
-
-    if (sys->opaque) {
-        vlc_mutex_lock(&sys->buffer_mutex);
-        while (atomic_load(&sys->buffers_in_transit) >= MAX_BUFFERS_IN_TRANSIT)
-            vlc_cond_wait(&sys->buffer_cond, &sys->buffer_mutex);
-        vlc_mutex_unlock(&sys->buffer_mutex);
-    }
 }
 
 static int vd_control(vout_display_t *vd, int query, va_list args)
 {
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    vout_display_cfg_t cfg;
-    const vout_display_cfg_t *tmp_cfg;
+    vout_display_sys_t * const sys = vd->sys;
+    int ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
+    VLC_UNUSED(args);
 
     switch (query) {
         case VOUT_DISPLAY_CHANGE_DISPLAY_SIZE:
-            tmp_cfg = va_arg(args, const vout_display_cfg_t *);
-            if (tmp_cfg->display.width == sys->display_width &&
-                            tmp_cfg->display.height == sys->display_height) {
-                cfg = sys->last_cfg;
-                cfg.display.width = sys->display_width;
-                cfg.display.height = sys->display_height;
-                configure_display(vd, &cfg, NULL);
-            }
+        {
+            const vout_display_cfg_t *cfg = va_arg(args, const vout_display_cfg_t *);
+            if (configure_display(vd, cfg, NULL) >= 0)
+                ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
             break;
+        }
 
         case VOUT_DISPLAY_CHANGE_SOURCE_ASPECT:
         case VOUT_DISPLAY_CHANGE_SOURCE_CROP:
-            sys->last_cfg = *va_arg(args, const vout_display_cfg_t *);
-            configure_display(vd, NULL, &vd->source);
+            if (configure_display(vd, NULL, &vd->source) >= 0)
+                ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
             break;
 
         case VOUT_DISPLAY_RESET_PICTURES:
-            vlc_assert_unreachable();
+            msg_Warn(vd, "Reset Pictures");
+            kill_pool(sys);
+            vd->fmt = vd->source; // Take (nearly) whatever source wants to give us
+            vd->fmt.i_chroma = req_chroma(vd);  // Adjust chroma to something we can actually deal with
+            ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
+            break;
+
         case VOUT_DISPLAY_CHANGE_ZOOM:
-        case VOUT_DISPLAY_CHANGE_DISPLAY_FILLED:
             msg_Warn(vd, "Unsupported control query %d", query);
+            ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
             break;
 
         default:
@@ -658,7 +741,7 @@ static int vd_control(vout_display_t *vd, int query, va_list args)
             break;
     }
 
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
+    return ret;
 }
 
 static void vd_manage(vout_display_t *vd)
@@ -669,13 +752,10 @@ static void vd_manage(vout_display_t *vd)
     vlc_mutex_lock(&sys->manage_mutex);
 
     if (sys->need_configure_display) {
-        close_dmx(vd);
-        sys->dmx_handle = vc_dispmanx_display_open(0);
-
-        if (query_resolution(vd, &width, &height) >= 0) {
+        if (query_resolution(vd, sys->display_id, &width, &height) >= 0) {
             sys->display_width = width;
             sys->display_height = height;
-            vout_window_ReportSize(sys->last_cfg.window, width, height);
+//            vout_window_ReportSize(vd->cfg->window, width, height);
         }
 
         sys->need_configure_display = false;
@@ -684,56 +764,109 @@ static void vd_manage(vout_display_t *vd)
     vlc_mutex_unlock(&sys->manage_mutex);
 }
 
-static void control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+
+static int attach_subpics(vout_display_t * const vd, vout_display_sys_t * const sys,
+                          subpicture_t * const subpicture)
 {
-    vout_display_t *vd = (vout_display_t *)port->userdata;
-    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+    unsigned int n = 0;
 
-    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
-        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
-        msg_Err(vd, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+    if (sys->vzc == NULL) {
+        if ((sys->vzc = hw_mmal_vzc_pool_new()) == NULL)
+        {
+            msg_Err(vd, "Failed to allocate VZC");
+            return VLC_ENOMEM;
+        }
     }
 
-    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
+    // Attempt to import the subpics
+    for (subpicture_t * spic = subpicture; spic != NULL; spic = spic->p_next)
+    {
+        for (subpicture_region_t *sreg = spic->p_region; sreg != NULL; sreg = sreg->p_next) {
+            picture_t *const src = sreg->p_picture;
+
+            // At this point I think the subtitles are being placed in the
+            // coord space of the cfg rectangle
+            if ((sys->subpic_bufs[n] = hw_mmal_vzc_buf_from_pic(sys->vzc,
+                src,
+                (MMAL_RECT_T){.width = vd->cfg->display.width, .height=vd->cfg->display.height},
+                sreg->i_x, sreg->i_y,
+                sreg->i_alpha,
+                n == 0)) == NULL)
+            {
+                msg_Err(vd, "Failed to allocate vzc buffer for subpic");
+                return VLC_ENOMEM;
+            }
+
+            if (++n == SUBS_MAX)
+                return VLC_SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+    return VLC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static void input_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
+
+static void vd_prepare(vout_display_t *vd, picture_t *p_pic,
+                       subpicture_t *subpicture, vlc_tick_t date)
 {
-    vout_display_t *vd = (vout_display_t *)port->userdata;
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    picture_t *picture = (picture_t *)buffer->user_data;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T err;
+    vout_display_sys_t * const sys = vd->sys;
+
+    vd_manage(vd);
+
+    if (sys->force_config ||
+        p_pic->format.i_frame_rate != sys->i_frame_rate ||
+        p_pic->format.i_frame_rate_base != sys->i_frame_rate_base ||
+        p_pic->b_progressive != sys->b_progressive ||
+        p_pic->b_top_field_first != sys->b_top_field_first)
+    {
+        sys->force_config = false;
+        sys->b_top_field_first = p_pic->b_top_field_first;
+        sys->b_progressive = p_pic->b_progressive;
+        sys->i_frame_rate = p_pic->format.i_frame_rate;
+        sys->i_frame_rate_base = p_pic->format.i_frame_rate_base;
+        configure_display(vd, NULL, &p_pic->format);
+    }
+
+    // Subpics can either turn up attached to the main pic or in the
+    // subpic list here  - if they turn up here then process into temp
+    // buffers
+    if (subpicture != NULL) {
+        attach_subpics(vd, sys, subpicture);
+    }
 
-    if (picture)
-        picture_Release(picture);
+    // *****
+    if (want_copy(vd)) {
+        if (sys->copy_buf != NULL) {
+            msg_Err(vd, "Copy buf not NULL");
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(sys->copy_buf);
+            sys->copy_buf = NULL;
+        }
+
+        MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T * const buf = mmal_queue_wait(sys->copy_pool->queue);
+        // Copy 2d
+        hw_mmal_copy_pic_to_buf(buf->data, &buf->length, sys->input->format, p_pic);
+        buf->flags = MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_FLAG_FRAME_END;
+
+        sys->copy_buf = buf;
+    }
 
-    vlc_mutex_lock(&sys->buffer_mutex);
-    atomic_fetch_sub(&sys->buffers_in_transit, 1);
-    vlc_cond_signal(&sys->buffer_cond);
-    vlc_mutex_unlock(&sys->buffer_mutex);
+    if (isp_check(vd, sys) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        return;
+    }
 }
 
-static int query_resolution(vout_display_t *vd, unsigned *width, unsigned *height)
+
+static void vd_control_port_cb(MMAL_PORT_T *port, MMAL_BUFFER_HEADER_T *buffer)
 {
-    TV_DISPLAY_STATE_T display_state;
-    int ret = 0;
+    vout_display_t *vd = (vout_display_t *)port->userdata;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
 
-    if (vc_tv_get_display_state(&display_state) == 0) {
-        if (display_state.state & 0xFF) {
-            *width = display_state.display.hdmi.width;
-            *height = display_state.display.hdmi.height;
-        } else if (display_state.state & 0xFF00) {
-            *width = display_state.display.sdtv.width;
-            *height = display_state.display.sdtv.height;
-        } else {
-            msg_Warn(vd, "Invalid display state %"PRIx32, display_state.state);
-            ret = -1;
-        }
-    } else {
-        msg_Warn(vd, "Failed to query display resolution");
-        ret = -1;
+    if (buffer->cmd == MMAL_EVENT_ERROR) {
+        status = *(uint32_t *)buffer->data;
+        msg_Err(vd, "MMAL error %"PRIx32" \"%s\"", status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
     }
 
-    return ret;
+    mmal_buffer_header_release(buffer);
 }
 
 static void tvservice_cb(void *callback_data, uint32_t reason, uint32_t param1, uint32_t param2)
@@ -788,9 +921,9 @@ static void adjust_refresh_rate(vout_display_t *vd, const video_format_t *fmt)
     double best_score, score;
     int i;
 
-    vc_tv_get_display_state(&display_state);
+    vc_tv_get_display_state_id(sys->display_id, &display_state);
     if(display_state.display.hdmi.mode != HDMI_MODE_OFF) {
-        num_modes = vc_tv_hdmi_get_supported_modes_new(display_state.display.hdmi.group,
+        num_modes = vc_tv_hdmi_get_supported_modes_new_id(sys->display_id, display_state.display.hdmi.group,
                         supported_modes, VC_TV_MAX_MODE_IDS, NULL, NULL);
 
         for (i = 0; i < num_modes; ++i) {
@@ -801,8 +934,8 @@ static void adjust_refresh_rate(vout_display_t *vd, const video_format_t *fmt)
                                 mode->scan_mode == HDMI_INTERLACED)
                     continue;
             } else {
-                if (mode->width != fmt->i_visible_width ||
-                        mode->height != fmt->i_visible_height)
+                if (mode->width != vd->fmt.i_visible_width ||
+                        mode->height != vd->fmt.i_visible_height)
                     continue;
                 if (mode->scan_mode != sys->b_progressive ? HDMI_NONINTERLACED : HDMI_INTERLACED)
                     continue;
@@ -818,7 +951,7 @@ static void adjust_refresh_rate(vout_display_t *vd, const video_format_t *fmt)
         if((best_id >= 0) && (display_state.display.hdmi.mode != supported_modes[best_id].code)) {
             msg_Info(vd, "Setting HDMI refresh rate to %"PRIu32,
                             supported_modes[best_id].frame_rate);
-            vc_tv_hdmi_power_on_explicit_new(HDMI_MODE_HDMI,
+            vc_tv_hdmi_power_on_explicit_new_id(sys->display_id, HDMI_MODE_HDMI,
                             supported_modes[best_id].group,
                             supported_modes[best_id].code);
         }
@@ -836,142 +969,6 @@ static void adjust_refresh_rate(vout_display_t *vd, const video_format_t *fmt)
     }
 }
 
-static void display_subpicture(vout_display_t *vd, subpicture_t *subpicture)
-{
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    struct dmx_region_t **dmx_region = &sys->dmx_region;
-    struct dmx_region_t *unused_dmx_region;
-    DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update = 0;
-    picture_t *picture;
-    video_format_t *fmt;
-    struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region_next;
-
-    if(subpicture) {
-        subpicture_region_t *region = subpicture->p_region;
-        while(region) {
-            picture = region->p_picture;
-            fmt = &region->fmt;
-
-            if(!*dmx_region) {
-                if(!update)
-                    update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(10);
-                *dmx_region = dmx_region_new(vd, update, region);
-            } else if(((*dmx_region)->bmp_rect.width != (int32_t)fmt->i_visible_width) ||
-                    ((*dmx_region)->bmp_rect.height != (int32_t)fmt->i_visible_height) ||
-                    ((*dmx_region)->pos_x != region->i_x) ||
-                    ((*dmx_region)->pos_y != region->i_y) ||
-                    ((*dmx_region)->alpha.opacity != (uint32_t)region->i_alpha)) {
-                dmx_region_next = (*dmx_region)->next;
-                if(!update)
-                    update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(10);
-                dmx_region_delete(*dmx_region, update);
-                *dmx_region = dmx_region_new(vd, update, region);
-                (*dmx_region)->next = dmx_region_next;
-            } else if((*dmx_region)->picture != picture) {
-                if(!update)
-                    update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(10);
-                dmx_region_update(*dmx_region, update, picture);
-            }
-
-            dmx_region = &(*dmx_region)->next;
-            region = region->p_next;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Remove remaining regions */
-    unused_dmx_region = *dmx_region;
-    while(unused_dmx_region) {
-        dmx_region_next = unused_dmx_region->next;
-        if(!update)
-            update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(10);
-        dmx_region_delete(unused_dmx_region, update);
-        unused_dmx_region = dmx_region_next;
-    }
-    *dmx_region = NULL;
-
-    if(update)
-        vc_dispmanx_update_submit_sync(update);
-}
-
-static void close_dmx(vout_display_t *vd)
-{
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(10);
-    struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region = sys->dmx_region;
-    struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region_next;
-
-    while(dmx_region) {
-        dmx_region_next = dmx_region->next;
-        dmx_region_delete(dmx_region, update);
-        dmx_region = dmx_region_next;
-    }
-
-    vc_dispmanx_update_submit_sync(update);
-    sys->dmx_region = NULL;
-
-    show_background(vd, false);
-
-    vc_dispmanx_display_close(sys->dmx_handle);
-    sys->dmx_handle = DISPMANX_NO_HANDLE;
-}
-
-static struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region_new(vout_display_t *vd,
-                DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update, subpicture_region_t *region)
-{
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    video_format_t *fmt = &region->fmt;
-    struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region = malloc(sizeof(struct dmx_region_t));
-    uint32_t image_handle;
-
-    dmx_region->pos_x = region->i_x;
-    dmx_region->pos_y = region->i_y;
-
-    vc_dispmanx_rect_set(&dmx_region->bmp_rect, 0, 0, fmt->i_visible_width,
-                    fmt->i_visible_height);
-    vc_dispmanx_rect_set(&dmx_region->src_rect, 0, 0, fmt->i_visible_width << 16,
-                    fmt->i_visible_height << 16);
-    vc_dispmanx_rect_set(&dmx_region->dst_rect, region->i_x, region->i_y,
-                    fmt->i_visible_width, fmt->i_visible_height);
-
-    dmx_region->resource = vc_dispmanx_resource_create(VC_IMAGE_RGBA32,
-                    dmx_region->bmp_rect.width | (region->p_picture->p[0].i_pitch << 16),
-                    dmx_region->bmp_rect.height | (dmx_region->bmp_rect.height << 16),
-                    &image_handle);
-    vc_dispmanx_resource_write_data(dmx_region->resource, VC_IMAGE_RGBA32,
-                    region->p_picture->p[0].i_pitch,
-                    region->p_picture->p[0].p_pixels, &dmx_region->bmp_rect);
-
-    dmx_region->alpha.flags = DISPMANX_FLAGS_ALPHA_FROM_SOURCE | DISPMANX_FLAGS_ALPHA_MIX;
-    dmx_region->alpha.opacity = region->i_alpha;
-    dmx_region->alpha.mask = DISPMANX_NO_HANDLE;
-    dmx_region->element = vc_dispmanx_element_add(update, sys->dmx_handle,
-                    sys->layer + 1, &dmx_region->dst_rect, dmx_region->resource,
-                    &dmx_region->src_rect, DISPMANX_PROTECTION_NONE,
-                    &dmx_region->alpha, NULL, VC_IMAGE_ROT0);
-
-    dmx_region->next = NULL;
-    dmx_region->picture = region->p_picture;
-
-    return dmx_region;
-}
-
-static void dmx_region_update(struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region,
-                DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update, picture_t *picture)
-{
-    vc_dispmanx_resource_write_data(dmx_region->resource, VC_IMAGE_RGBA32,
-                    picture->p[0].i_pitch, picture->p[0].p_pixels, &dmx_region->bmp_rect);
-    vc_dispmanx_element_change_source(update, dmx_region->element, dmx_region->resource);
-    dmx_region->picture = picture;
-}
-
-static void dmx_region_delete(struct dmx_region_t *dmx_region,
-                DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update)
-{
-    vc_dispmanx_element_remove(update, dmx_region->element);
-    vc_dispmanx_resource_delete(dmx_region->resource);
-    free(dmx_region);
-}
-
 static void maintain_phase_sync(vout_display_t *vd)
 {
     MMAL_PARAMETER_VIDEO_RENDER_STATS_T render_stats = {
@@ -1020,32 +1017,277 @@ static void maintain_phase_sync(vout_display_t *vd)
     }
 }
 
-static void show_background(vout_display_t *vd, bool enable)
+static void CloseMmalVout(vout_display_t * vd)
 {
-    vout_display_sys_t *sys = vd->sys;
-    uint32_t image_ptr, color = 0xFF000000;
-    VC_RECT_T dst_rect, src_rect;
-    DISPMANX_UPDATE_HANDLE_T update;
-
-    if (enable && !sys->bkg_element) {
-        sys->bkg_resource = vc_dispmanx_resource_create(VC_IMAGE_RGBA32, 1, 1,
-                        &image_ptr);
-        vc_dispmanx_rect_set(&dst_rect, 0, 0, 1, 1);
-        vc_dispmanx_resource_write_data(sys->bkg_resource, VC_IMAGE_RGBA32,
-                        sizeof(color), &color, &dst_rect);
-        vc_dispmanx_rect_set(&src_rect, 0, 0, 1 << 16, 1 << 16);
-        vc_dispmanx_rect_set(&dst_rect, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-        update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(0);
-        sys->bkg_element = vc_dispmanx_element_add(update, sys->dmx_handle,
-                        sys->layer - 1, &dst_rect, sys->bkg_resource, &src_rect,
-                        DISPMANX_PROTECTION_NONE, NULL, NULL, VC_IMAGE_ROT0);
-        vc_dispmanx_update_submit_sync(update);
-    } else if (!enable && sys->bkg_element) {
-        update = vc_dispmanx_update_start(0);
-        vc_dispmanx_element_remove(update, sys->bkg_element);
-        vc_dispmanx_resource_delete(sys->bkg_resource);
-        vc_dispmanx_update_submit_sync(update);
-        sys->bkg_element = DISPMANX_NO_HANDLE;
-        sys->bkg_resource = DISPMANX_NO_HANDLE;
+    vout_display_sys_t * const sys = vd->sys;
+    char response[20]; /* answer is hvs_update_fields=%1d */
+
+    kill_pool(sys);
+
+    vc_tv_unregister_callback_full(tvservice_cb, vd);
+
+    // Shouldn't be anything here - but just in case
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != SUBS_MAX; ++i)
+        if (sys->subpic_bufs[i] != NULL)
+            mmal_buffer_header_release(sys->subpic_bufs[i]);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != SUBS_MAX; ++i) {
+        vout_subpic_t * const sub = sys->subs + i;
+        if (sub->component != NULL) {
+            hw_mmal_subpic_close(&sub->sub);
+            if (sub->component->control->is_enabled)
+                mmal_port_disable(sub->component->control);
+            if (sub->component->is_enabled)
+                mmal_component_disable(sub->component);
+            mmal_component_release(sub->component);
+            sub->component = NULL;
+        }
     }
+
+    if (sys->input && sys->input->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(sys->input);
+
+    if (sys->component && sys->component->control->is_enabled)
+        mmal_port_disable(sys->component->control);
+
+    if (sys->copy_buf != NULL)
+        mmal_buffer_header_release(sys->copy_buf);
+
+    if (sys->input != NULL && sys->copy_pool != NULL)
+        mmal_port_pool_destroy(sys->input, sys->copy_pool);
+
+    if (sys->component && sys->component->is_enabled)
+        mmal_component_disable(sys->component);
+
+    if (sys->pool)
+        mmal_pool_destroy(sys->pool);
+
+    if (sys->component)
+        mmal_component_release(sys->component);
+
+    isp_close(vd, sys);
+
+    hw_mmal_vzc_pool_release(sys->vzc);
+
+    vlc_mutex_destroy(&sys->manage_mutex);
+
+    if (sys->native_interlaced) {
+        if (vc_gencmd(response, sizeof(response), "hvs_update_fields 0") < 0 ||
+                response[18] != '0')
+            msg_Warn(vd, "Could not reset hvs field mode");
+    }
+
+    cma_vcsm_exit(sys->init_type);
+
+    free(sys);
+}
+
+
+static const struct {
+    const char * name;
+    int num;
+} display_name_to_num[] = {
+    {"auto",    -1},
+    {"hdmi-1",  DISPMANX_ID_HDMI0},
+    {"hdmi-2",  DISPMANX_ID_HDMI1},
+    {NULL,      -2}
+};
+
+static int find_display_num(const char * name)
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; display_name_to_num[i].name != NULL && strcasecmp(display_name_to_num[i].name, name) != 0; ++i)
+        /* Loop */;
+    return display_name_to_num[i].num;
+}
+
+static int OpenMmalVout(vout_display_t *vd, const vout_display_cfg_t *cfg,
+                        video_format_t *fmtp, vlc_video_context *context)
+{
+    vout_display_sys_t *sys;
+    MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T display_region;
+    MMAL_STATUS_T status;
+    int ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
+    // At the moment all copy is via I420
+    const bool needs_copy = !hw_mmal_chroma_is_mmal(vd->fmt.i_chroma);
+    const MMAL_FOURCC_T enc_in = needs_copy ? MMAL_ENCODING_I420 :
+        vout_vlc_to_mmal_pic_fourcc(vd->fmt.i_chroma);
+
+    sys = calloc(1, sizeof(struct vout_display_sys_t));
+    if (!sys)
+        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+    vd->sys = sys;
+
+    vlc_mutex_init(&sys->manage_mutex);
+
+    if ((sys->init_type = cma_vcsm_init()) == VCSM_INIT_NONE)
+    {
+        msg_Err(vd, "VCSM init fail");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    vc_tv_register_callback(tvservice_cb, vd);
+
+    sys->layer = var_InheritInteger(vd, MMAL_LAYER_NAME);
+
+    {
+        const char *display_name = var_InheritString(vd, MMAL_DISPLAY_NAME);
+        int qt_num = -1;
+#ifdef HAVE_QT
+        qt_num = var_InheritInteger(vd, "qt-fullscreen-screennumber" );
+#endif
+        int display_id = find_display_num(display_name);
+//        sys->display_id = display_id < 0 ? vc_tv_get_default_display_id() : display_id;
+        sys->display_id = display_id >= 0 ? display_id :
+            qt_num == 1 ? DISPMANX_ID_HDMI1 : DISPMANX_ID_HDMI;
+        if (display_id < -1)
+            msg_Warn(vd, "Unknown display device: '%s'", display_name);
+        else
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "Display device: %s, qt=%d id=%d display=%d", display_name,
+                    qt_num, display_id, sys->display_id);
+    }
+
+    status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_RENDERER, &sys->component);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create MMAL component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                        MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_RENDERER, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    sys->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)vd;
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->component->control, vd_control_port_cb);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable control port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                        sys->component->control->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    sys->input = sys->component->input[0];
+    sys->input->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)vd;
+
+    sys->input->format->encoding = enc_in;
+    sys->input->format->encoding_variant = 0;
+    sys->i_planes = 1;
+
+    display_set_format(vd, sys->input->format, false);
+
+    status = port_parameter_set_bool(sys->input, MMAL_PARAMETER_ZERO_COPY, true);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+       msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set zero copy on port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+       goto fail;
+    }
+
+    status = mmal_port_format_commit(sys->input);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to commit format for input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                        sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    sys->input->buffer_size = sys->input->buffer_size_recommended;
+
+    if (!needs_copy) {
+        sys->input->buffer_num = 30;
+    }
+    else {
+        sys->input->buffer_num = 2;
+        if ((sys->copy_pool = mmal_port_pool_create(sys->input, 2, sys->input->buffer_size)) == NULL)
+        {
+            msg_Err(vd, "Cannot create copy pool");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (query_resolution(vd, sys->display_id, &sys->display_width, &sys->display_height) < 0)
+    {
+        sys->display_width = vd->cfg->display.width;
+        sys->display_height = vd->cfg->display.height;
+    }
+
+    place_dest(vd, sys, vd->cfg, &vd->source);  // Sets sys->dest_rect
+
+    display_region.hdr.id = MMAL_PARAMETER_DISPLAYREGION;
+    display_region.hdr.size = sizeof(MMAL_DISPLAYREGION_T);
+    display_region.display_num = sys->display_id;
+    display_region.fullscreen = MMAL_FALSE;
+    display_src_rect(vd, &display_region.src_rect);
+    display_region.dest_rect = sys->dest_rect;
+    display_region.layer = sys->layer;
+    display_region.set =
+        MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_NUM |
+        MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_FULLSCREEN | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_SRC_RECT |
+        MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_DEST_RECT | MMAL_DISPLAY_SET_LAYER;
+    status = mmal_port_parameter_set(sys->input, &display_region.hdr);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to set display region (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                        status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    status = mmal_port_enable(sys->input, vd_input_port_cb);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable input port %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->input->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    status = mmal_component_enable(sys->component);
+    if (status != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable component %s (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                sys->component->name, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if ((sys->pool = mmal_pool_create(sys->input->buffer_num, 0)) == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err(vd, "Failed to create input pool");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != SUBS_MAX; ++i) {
+        vout_subpic_t * const sub = sys->subs + i;
+        if ((status = mmal_component_create(MMAL_COMPONENT_DEFAULT_VIDEO_RENDERER, &sub->component)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "Failed to create subpic component %d", i);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        sub->component->control->userdata = (struct MMAL_PORT_USERDATA_T *)vd;
+        if ((status = mmal_port_enable(sub->component->control, vd_control_port_cb)) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+            msg_Err(vd, "Failed to enable control port %s on sub %d (status=%"PRIx32" %s)",
+                            sys->component->control->name, i, status, mmal_status_to_string(status));
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if ((status = hw_mmal_subpic_open(VLC_OBJECT(vd), &sub->sub, sub->component->input[0],
+                                          sys->display_id, sys->layer + i + 1)) != MMAL_SUCCESS) {
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "Failed to open subpic %d", i);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if ((status = mmal_component_enable(sub->component)) != MMAL_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            msg_Dbg(vd, "Failed to enable subpic component %d", i);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we can't deal with it directly ask for I420
+    vd->fmt.i_chroma = req_chroma(vd);
+
+    vd->info = (vout_display_info_t){
+        .subpicture_chromas = hw_mmal_vzc_subpicture_chromas
+    };
+
+    vd->prepare = vd_prepare;
+    vd->display = vd_display;
+    vd->control = vd_control;
+    vd->close = CloseMmalVout;
+
+
+    return VLC_SUCCESS;
+
+fail:
+    CloseMmalVout(vd);
+
+    return ret;
 }
+
-- 
2.17.1



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